https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Bkimberl&feedformat=atomWorld War I Document Archive - User contributions [en]2024-03-19T13:00:45ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.4https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=(New_Updated)_Zooba_Battle_Arena_Hack_And_Cheats_For_Apk_Android_And_Ios_No_Survey_2023&diff=15092(New Updated) Zooba Battle Arena Hack And Cheats For Apk Android And Ios No Survey 20232023-05-07T17:01:16Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "If you are a fan of Zooba Battle Arena, then you know how important gems and coins are to help you level up and unlock new characters and weapons. However, earning these resou..."</p>
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<div>If you are a fan of Zooba Battle Arena, then you know how important gems and coins are to help you level up and unlock new characters and weapons. However, earning these resources can be a time-consuming and tedious process. But fear not, because we have a solution for you – the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator.The Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator is a tool that allows you to generate unlimited gems and coins for free. With this tool, you can unlock all the characters and weapons you want, without having to spend real money or waste your time grinding for resources.<br />
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Using the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator is easy and straightforward. Simply enter your username and the platform you are using (iOS or Android), and select the amount of gems and coins you want to generate. Then, click on the "Generate" button, and the tool will do the rest.<br />
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One of the best things about the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator is that it is completely safe and secure. You don't have to worry about getting banned or risking your account being hacked. The tool uses advanced encryption and proxy servers to ensure that your account is protected.<br />
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Another great feature of the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator is that it is regularly updated to ensure it works with the latest version of the game. This means that you can use the tool whenever you want, without having to worry about compatibility issues.<br />
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So, if you want to take your Zooba Battle Arena gaming experience to the next level, then the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator is the tool for you. With unlimited gems and coins at your disposal, you can dominate the arena and become the ultimate champion.<br />
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In conclusion, the Zooba Battle Arena Gems Coins Generator, Cheats, and Hack options are great tools for any Zooba Battle Arena player who wants to level up and unlock all the characters and weapons. With our Zooba Battle Arena Resource Generator, you can get gems and coins for free, without having to spend real money. Try it out today and see for yourself the amazing benefits it can bring to your gaming experience!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=(World_War_Heroes_Cheats)_Free_World_War_Heroes_Generator_Working_Credits_Gold_Generator_No_Human_Verification&diff=15091(World War Heroes Cheats) Free World War Heroes Generator Working Credits Gold Generator No Human Verification2023-05-07T16:58:43Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator: How to Get Unlimited Credits and Gold for FreeWorld War Heroes is a popular first-person shooter game that takes you back to World War..."</p>
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<div>World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator: How to Get Unlimited Credits and Gold for FreeWorld War Heroes is a popular first-person shooter game that takes you back to World War II. In this game, you have the opportunity to experience the battlefield and fight for your country. However, to enjoy the game to its fullest, you need to have enough credits and gold. These resources help you unlock new weapons, upgrade your equipment, and gain other advantages.<br />
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The problem is that getting enough credits and gold can be time-consuming and expensive. If you're like most players, you want to have fun without spending a lot of money. That's where the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator comes in. <br />
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What is the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator?<br />
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The World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator is an online tool that allows you to generate unlimited credits and gold for free. With this tool, you can get the resources you need to upgrade your weapons, equipment, and other items. The best part is that you don't need to spend any money to use it.<br />
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The World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator works by exploiting a glitch in the game's system. This glitch allows the tool to access the game's database and add credits and gold to your account. The process is simple, and it only takes a few minutes to complete.<br />
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To use the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator, simply follow these steps:<br />
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1. Go to the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator website.<br />
2. Enter your World War Heroes username.<br />
3. Choose the platform you're using (iOS or Android).<br />
4. Select the amount of credits and gold you want to generate.<br />
5. Click on the "Generate" button.<br />
6. Wait for the tool to complete the process.<br />
7. Enjoy your free credits and gold!<br />
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Is it safe?<br />
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Yes, the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator is safe to use. The tool is regularly updated to ensure that it works with the latest version of the game. Additionally, the tool uses advanced encryption and anti-ban technology to protect your account from being detected or banned by the game's administrators.<br />
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World War Heroes Credits Gold Cheats and Hacks<br />
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Apart from the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator, there are other cheats and hacks that you can use to get free credits and gold. However, most of these cheats and hacks are unreliable and can harm your device or compromise your account's security. Therefore, it's best to stick with the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator, which is a tested and trusted tool.<br />
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World War Heroes Generator 2023 and World War Heroes Generator No Verification<br />
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The World War Heroes Generator 2023 and World War Heroes Generator No Verification are other versions of the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator. These versions use different algorithms and techniques to generate free credits and gold. However, they are not as reliable as the original World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator. Therefore, it's best to avoid them and stick with the original tool.<br />
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World War Heroes Generator iOS and World War Heroes Generator Android<br />
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The World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator works on both iOS and Android devices. Whether you're using an iPhone, iPad, or Android phone or tablet, you can use the tool to generate free credits and gold. Simply select the platform you're using when using the tool.<br />
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World War Heroes Codes<br />
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World War Heroes Codes are special codes that you can redeem to get free credits and gold. These codes are usually released by the game's developers on their social media pages or other platforms. However, they are not as common as they used to be. Therefore, it's best to use the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator to get free resources.<br />
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World War Heroes Resource Generator<br />
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Apart from credits and gold, there are other resources that you need to succeed in World War Heroes. These resources include ammo, grenades, and health kits. The World War Heroes Resource Generator is a tool that allows you to generate these resources for free. With this tool, you can have unlimited resources and enjoy the game to its fullest.<br />
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World War Heroes Credits Gold for Free<br />
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In conclusion, the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator is the best tool for getting free credits and gold in World War Heroes. With this tool, you can enjoy the game to its fullest without spending any money. So what are you waiting for? Go ahead and try the World War Heroes Credits Gold Generator today!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=(New_Cheats)_Tennis_Clash_Hack_Unlimited_Coins_Gems_Generator_Cheats_2023_No_Human_Verification&diff=15090(New Cheats) Tennis Clash Hack Unlimited Coins Gems Generator Cheats 2023 No Human Verification2023-05-07T16:51:56Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you an avid player of the popular mobile tennis game, Tennis Clash? Do you find yourself struggling to progress in the game because of a lack of coins and gems? If so, the..."</p>
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<div>Are you an avid player of the popular mobile tennis game, Tennis Clash? Do you find yourself struggling to progress in the game because of a lack of coins and gems? If so, then the Tennis Clash Coins Gems Generator is the perfect solution for you.With the Tennis Clash Coins Gems Generator, you can easily generate unlimited coins and gems in just a few clicks. This powerful tool is designed to help Tennis Clash players progress in the game without having to spend countless hours grinding for resources.<br />
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The Tennis Clash Coins Gems Generator is incredibly easy to use. Simply enter your username and the amount of coins and gems you want to generate, and the tool will take care of the rest. There's no need to download any software or worry about getting banned from the game. The Tennis Clash Coins Gems Generator is completely safe and secure to use.<br />
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Some of the most popular Tennis Clash Coins Gems Cheats and Hacks include the Tennis Clash Generator 2023, Tennis Clash Generator No Verification, Tennis Clash Generator Ios, and Tennis Clash Generator Android. These tools are designed to help players generate unlimited coins and gems without having to spend real money.<br />
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In addition to cheats and hacks, there are also a variety of Tennis Clash Codes available online that can give players access to special rewards and bonuses. These codes can be redeemed within the game to unlock exclusive content and resources.<br />
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But what if you don't want to use cheats, hacks, or codes? Is there a way to get Tennis Clash Coins Gems for free? Yes, there is! The Tennis Clash Resource Generator is a powerful tool that allows players to earn coins and gems by completing various tasks and challenges within the game.<br />
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Whether you choose to use a generator, cheat, hack, code, or resource generator, there are plenty of options available to help you progress in Tennis Clash without having to spend real money. So what are you waiting for? Start generating coins and gems today and dominate the competition in Tennis Clash!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=%22Working_Cheats%22_PUBG_Hack_Tool_UC_RP_Generator_Cheats_No_Human_Verification&diff=15089"Working Cheats" PUBG Hack Tool UC RP Generator Cheats No Human Verification2023-05-07T16:49:19Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you a PUBG player who is tired of spending your hard-earned money on UC and RP? Look no further, because the PUBG UC RP Generator is here to help!Our PUBG UC RP Generator..."</p>
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<div>Are you a PUBG player who is tired of spending your hard-earned money on UC and RP? Look no further, because the PUBG UC RP Generator is here to help!Our PUBG UC RP Generator is a powerful tool that allows you to generate UC and RP for free. With this generator, you can easily get unlimited UC and RP without spending a single penny. Whether you're playing PUBG on iOS or Android, our generator works seamlessly on both platforms.<br />
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<div>Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Generator: Get Unlimited Resources for FreeGenshin Impact is an action-packed RPG game that has taken the gaming world by storm. Developed by miHoYo, this game has captured the hearts of millions of gamers worldwide with its stunning visuals, immersive storyline, and engaging gameplay. However, the game has a catch – players need Primogems and Genesis Crystals to unlock characters, weapons, and other resources. These resources are not easy to come by, which is why many players are turning to Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Generator, Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Cheats, and Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Hack.<br />
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If you're one of the players looking for ways to get unlimited resources, you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll discuss the different ways to get Primogems and Genesis Crystals for free using Genshin Impact Generator 2023, Genshin Impact Generator No Verification, Genshin Impact Generator Ios, Genshin Impact Generator Android, Genshin Impact Codes, Genshin Impact Resource Generator, and Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal for free.<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Generator<br />
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The Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Generator is an online tool that generates unlimited Primogems and Genesis Crystals for your account. This tool is easy to use and doesn't require any technical skills. All you have to do is enter your username, select your platform (iOS or Android), and select the amount of resources you want to generate.<br />
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Once you've entered all the required details, click on the "Generate" button, and the tool will start generating resources for your account. The entire process takes a few minutes, and once it's completed, you can log in to your account and see the resources added to your account.<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Cheats<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Cheats are different from generators as they provide you with tips and tricks to get unlimited resources in the game. These cheats are legal and safe to use, and they work on all platforms, including iOS and Android.<br />
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Some of the popular cheats to get Primogems and Genesis Crystals include completing daily quests, exploring the game world, and participating in events. You can also get free resources by inviting friends to play the game and completing achievements.<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Hack<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal Hack is a more advanced way to get unlimited resources in the game. These hacks modify the game files to unlock resources that are otherwise unavailable. However, these hacks are not recommended as they can harm your device and get your account banned.<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator 2023<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator 2023 is an updated version of the Primogems and Genesis Crystal Generator. This tool uses advanced algorithms to generate resources for your account, making it faster and more efficient. The tool is expected to be released in 2023, so keep an eye out for it.<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator No Verification<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator No Verification is an online tool that doesn't require any verification to generate resources for your account. This tool is ideal for players who don't want to share their personal information or complete surveys to get resources.<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator iOS and Android<br />
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Genshin Impact Generator iOS and Android are two different tools that generate resources for players on different platforms. These tools are easy to use and work on all iOS and Android devices.<br />
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Genshin Impact Codes<br />
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Genshin Impact Codes are special codes released by miHoYo that provide players with free resources. These codes are limited and expire quickly, so make sure to use them as soon as possible. You can find Genshin Impact Codes on social media platforms, fan pages, and official websites.<br />
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Genshin Impact Resource Generator<br />
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Genshin Impact Resource Generator is a tool that generates all types of resources for players, including Primogems, Genesis Crystals, Mora, and more. This tool is easy to use and works on all platforms.<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal For Free<br />
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Genshin Impact Primogems Genesis Crystal for free is a dream come true for many players. With the help of the tools mentioned above, players can now get unlimited resources for free without spending a dime. So, what are you waiting for? Use these tools today and take your gaming experience to the next level.</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=(New)_Garena_Free_Fire_Diamonds_Generator:_How_To_Get_Free_Diamonds_2023_Android_And_Ios&diff=15087(New) Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator: How To Get Free Diamonds 2023 Android And Ios2023-05-07T16:46:00Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you a die-hard fan of Garena Free Fire Diamonds? Do you want to have unlimited diamonds for free? If yes, then you have come to the right place. In this article, we will d..."</p>
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<div>Are you a die-hard fan of Garena Free Fire Diamonds? Do you want to have unlimited diamonds for free? If yes, then you have come to the right place. In this article, we will discuss the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator, Garena Free Fire Diamonds Cheats, Garena Free Fire Diamonds Hack, Garena Free Fire Generator 2023, Garena Free Fire Generator No Verification, Garena Free Fire Generator Ios, Garena Free Fire Generator Android, Garena Free Fire Codes, Garena Free Fire Resource Generator, and Garena Free Fire Diamonds For Free.Garena Free Fire is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed by 111 Dots Studio and published by Garena. It is one of the most popular mobile games globally, with millions of active players. The game features a survival-based gameplay style where players land on an island, collect weapons, and fight to be the last person standing.<br />
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Like all other mobile games, Garena Free Fire has in-game currencies that players can use to buy various items, including weapons, skins, and characters. Diamonds are the premium currency in Garena Free Fire, and they can be purchased with real money. However, not all players can afford to spend real money on the game, and that's where the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator comes in.<br />
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Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator is an online tool that allows players to generate unlimited diamonds for free. With this tool, you don't have to spend a single penny to get diamonds. The generator is easy to use and doesn't require any technical skills. All you have to do is enter your Garena Free Fire username and select the number of diamonds you want to generate. The diamonds will be added to your account within a few minutes.<br />
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But wait, is it safe to use the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator? The answer is yes. The generator uses advanced encryption technology to protect your account from being detected by the game developers. Moreover, the generator is regularly updated to ensure its functionality.<br />
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Besides the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator, there are other ways to get free diamonds in the game. One of them is using Garena Free Fire Diamonds Cheats and Garena Free Fire Diamonds Hack. However, we don't recommend using cheats and hacks as they can harm your device and compromise your account's security.<br />
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Another way to get free diamonds is by using Garena Free Fire Codes. The game developers occasionally release codes that players can redeem for various rewards, including diamonds. You can find these codes on the game's social media pages, official website, and other online platforms.<br />
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If you're looking for a more legitimate way to get free diamonds, you can use the Garena Free Fire Resource Generator. This tool allows you to complete various tasks, such as surveys and quizzes, to earn diamonds and other rewards. The tasks are simple and can be completed within a few minutes.<br />
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In conclusion, the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator, Garena Free Fire Diamonds Cheats, Garena Free Fire Diamonds Hack, Garena Free Fire Generator 2023, Garena Free Fire Generator No Verification, Garena Free Fire Generator Ios, Garena Free Fire Generator Android, Garena Free Fire Codes, Garena Free Fire Resource Generator, and Garena Free Fire Diamonds For Free are all viable options if you want to get free diamonds in Garena Free Fire. However, we recommend using the Garena Free Fire Diamonds Generator as it is the safest and most convenient option. Happy gaming!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Psitanium_For_Free_%E2%80%93_Newest_Psychonauts_2_Psitanium_Generator!_Free_Psitanium_2023!!&diff=15086Psitanium For Free – Newest Psychonauts 2 Psitanium Generator! Free Psitanium 2023!!2023-05-07T16:43:18Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you a fan of the popular video game, Psychonauts 2? Do you want to gain an unlimited amount of Psitanium without spending any money? Then you need to try the Psychonauts 2..."</p>
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<div>Are you a fan of the popular video game, Psychonauts 2? Do you want to gain an unlimited amount of Psitanium without spending any money? Then you need to try the Psychonauts 2 Psitanium Generator!With the Psychonauts 2 Psitanium Generator, you can easily generate Psitanium for free and unlock all the in-game resources you need. The generator is available for both iOS and Android devices, and it requires no verification or surveys to use. <br />
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But what is Psitanium, you may ask? Psitanium is a valuable resource in Psychonauts 2 that is used to enhance your character's abilities. It can be found throughout the game, but it can also be purchased with real money. With the Psychonauts 2 Psitanium Generator, you can skip the purchasing process and get Psitanium for free!<br />
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Using the generator is easy, simply visit the website and enter your desired amount of Psitanium. The generator will do the rest of the work for you, and you'll be able to access the resources you need in no time. <br />
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But if you're not comfortable with using a generator, there are other options available to you. You can try using the Psychonauts 2 Psitanium cheats or hack to gain an advantage in the game. These cheats and hacks are widely available online, and they can be used to gain unlimited Psitanium and other resources. <br />
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However, it's important to note that using cheats and hacks can potentially harm your device or game account. So, always use them at your own risk. <br />
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If you're worried about the legality of using cheats and hacks, then you can try using codes instead. Psychonauts 2 codes are regularly released by the game's developers and can be redeemed for various rewards, including Psitanium. Keep an eye out for these codes and redeem them as soon as possible to gain the maximum benefits. <br />
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Another option is the Psychonauts 2 resource generator, which can provide you with all the resources you need to progress in the game. This generator is also available for free and requires no verification or surveys to use. <br />
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In conclusion, there are many ways to gain Psitanium in Psychonauts 2, including using the Psychonauts 2 Psitanium Generator, cheats, hack, codes, and resource generator. It's up to you to choose the method that suits your needs and preferences. So, what are you waiting for? Start generating Psitanium today and take your game to the next level!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Newest_Gacha_Life_Gems_Generator!_Free_Gems!!_Free_Gems_No_Human_Verification_2023&diff=15085Newest Gacha Life Gems Generator! Free Gems!! Free Gems No Human Verification 20232023-05-07T16:41:30Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you a Gacha Life enthusiast looking for ways to get more gems for free? Look no further than the Gacha Life Gems Generator, the ultimate tool for generating unlimited amou..."</p>
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<div>Are you a Gacha Life enthusiast looking for ways to get more gems for free? Look no further than the Gacha Life Gems Generator, the ultimate tool for generating unlimited amounts of gems without having to spend a dime.With the Gacha Life Gems Generator, you can easily generate gems and unlock all the features and items you need to create the perfect Gacha Life character. Whether you're playing on iOS or Android, our generator works seamlessly to provide you with the resources you need to succeed in the game.<br />
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But wait, there's more! Our Gacha Life Gems Cheats and Hack tools are also available for use, giving you even more options for generating gems and resources. With our cheats and hacks, you can easily unlock all the features and items you need to make your Gacha Life experience even more enjoyable.<br />
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But what about verification? We know how annoying it can be to go through multiple verification processes just to use a simple generator or hack. That's why our Gacha Life Generator 2023 is designed to work without any verification whatsoever. Just enter your username and the number of gems you want, and you're good to go!<br />
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Whether you prefer playing on iOS or Android, our Gacha Life Generator is compatible with both platforms. So no matter what device you're using, you can easily generate unlimited gems and resources for free.<br />
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And if you're worried about the legitimacy of our tools, rest assured that Gacha Life codes are always provided by the game developers themselves. Our Gacha Life Resource Generator simply helps you to access these codes without having to pay for them.<br />
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So what are you waiting for? Get your hands on our Gacha Life Gems For Free generator, cheats, and hacks today and take your Gacha Life experience to the next level!</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Codes_Free_Stumble_Guys_Gems_Generator_2023_No_Human_Veryfication!!!&diff=15084Codes Free Stumble Guys Gems Generator 2023 No Human Veryfication!!!2023-05-07T16:39:24Z<p>Bkimberl: Created page with "Are you a fan of the popular game Stumble Guys? Do you want to get your hands on unlimited gems to upgrade your characters and unlock new features? Look no further than Stumbl..."</p>
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<div>Are you a fan of the popular game Stumble Guys? Do you want to get your hands on unlimited gems to upgrade your characters and unlock new features? Look no further than Stumble Guys Gems Generator, the ultimate tool for generating gems in the game!With Stumble Guys Gems Generator, you can easily get access to unlimited gems without spending a single penny. Our generator is designed to work seamlessly on both iOS and Android devices, so no matter what platform you're using, you can enjoy the benefits of unlimited gems.<br />
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Using our Stumble Guys Gems Cheats is easy. Simply visit our website and enter your Stumble Guys username. From there, you can choose the amount of gems you want to generate and click the "Generate" button. Our tool will then do the rest, delivering your gems straight to your account in just a few minutes.<br />
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The best part? Our Stumble Guys Gems Hack is 100% safe and secure. We use advanced encryption and anti-ban technology to ensure that your account is never at risk of being banned or compromised. Plus, our generator requires no verification, meaning you can get your gems without having to jump through any hoops.<br />
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Looking ahead to the future, our Stumble Guys Generator 2023 promises to be even more powerful and efficient, with new features and capabilities that will blow your mind. And with our Stumble Guys Generator No Verification, you can rest assured that you'll always have access to unlimited gems, no matter what.<br />
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<div>Maxima</div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Links_to_Other_WWI_Sites&diff=8737Links to Other WWI Sites2009-07-28T23:07:17Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > '''Links to Other WWI Sites''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:WWILOGO.GIF]]</center> <br />
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<p align="right"><br />
'''''Note''''': In addition to other text and image sites listed below,<br>see the WWI Resource Center's '''[http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/archives/txtarchive.html text archive]''' and '''[http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/archives/imarchive.html image archive]'''.<br />
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
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<br />
== '''General Information''' ==<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.erster-weltkrieg.clio-online.de/ Clio Online: Themenportal 1. Weltkrieg]''' - extremely comprehensive collection of links from a scholarly German perspective.<br />
::See especially the [http://www.erster-weltkrieg.clio-online.de/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__de/tabID__40208124/DesktopDefault.aspx sitemap] -- some annotations are in English. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ww1.htm Documents of World War I]''' assembled by Vincent Ferraro of Mount Holyoke College. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=browse&scope=History.WWIColl Electronic Facsimile Texts of World War One]''' -- books and documents digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm First World War: Index] -- an ambitious school project of relevant, categorized links.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.firstworldwar.com FirstWorldWar.com]''' assembled by Michael Duffy. <br />
<br />
* The '''[http://www.home.zonnet.nl/rene.brouwer/ First World War 1914-1918 -]''' A website of Rene Brouwer in the Netherlands. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/history/Scholars_GuideWWW.htm General Historical Links]''' - 'The Scholars Guide' serves as a very useful central point for investigation. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/5202/GenStrike.htm General Strikes]''' Page, including Calgary, Winnipeg and Great Britain. <br />
<br />
* The '''[http://www.greatwar.co.uk/index.htm Great War 1914-1918]''' -- from a British perspective. <br />
<br />
* The '''[http://www.thegreatwararchive.org/ Great War Archive]''' -- An initiative of the [http://www.ox.ac.uk/ University of Oxford]<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.Hanotaux01 Hanotaux, Gabriel. ''Histoire illustrée de la guerre de 1914'']'''<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.historial.org/us/home_b.htm Museum of the Great War]''' -- English version of the French Historial de la Grande Guerre. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.militaryindexes.com/worldwarone/ Online World War I Indexes & Records]''' -- Genealogical sources for WWI vets, mostly U.S. but also international.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.overthefront.com/ overthefront.com - Official Website of the League of World War I Aviation Historians]''' - accumulating, preserving and publishing data on the aerial activity of World War I.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.storybytes.com Story Bytes - Very Short Stories]''' written on the general conduct and events of the Great War. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwar1.com Trenches on the Web]''' (Graphic Images of Trench Warfare-- World War I). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwar1.com/sftour.htm Virtual Tour of the Western Front]''' -- World War I. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/ Wars & Conflict -- World War I]''' (A part of the BBC History website). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwar1-history.com/ WorldWar1-history.com]'''. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://pease1.sr.unh.edu/1/Images World War I Images]'''.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/index.html WWI Resource Center]''' - Another project of the World War I Discussion Group.<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Bibliographies and Webographies'''==<br />
<br />
*'''[http://vlib.iue.it/history/mil/ww1.html Research Tools - WWW-VL]''' - from the Virtual Library for History, Great War.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/ww1/books.html WWI Books]''' - from U.C. San Diego History Department.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/ww1_links.html WWI on the Web]''' - from U.C. San Diego History Department.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/ww1/topics.html WWI Topics]''' - from U.C. San Diego History Department.<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Genealogical Resources''' ==<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.legion.org American Legion]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.cwgc.org/ Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC)]<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.militaryindexes.com/worldwarone/ Online World War I Indexes & Records]<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/websites/frameset_websites.asp?PAGE=browsemilitary.asp Military Records through ''familysearch.org'']'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Home Front''' ==<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/HumanEcol/subcollections/WWIHomeCookAbout.html Recipe for Victory: Food and Cooking in Wartime]''' <br />
::Books and U.S. government publications documenting the national effort to make food the key to winning World War I.<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin's [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.oscHelpTobacco Will You Help These Brave Wounded Men?]'''<br />
::London: The Over-Seas Club, [1914-1918]<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Literature''' ==<br />
<br />
*An '''[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~english/WWI/main.html Anthem for Dead Youth]'''<br />
::An eclectic survey of the literature of the Great War.<br />
::From an exhibit in [http://sc.lib.byu.edu/ BYU Library's Special Collections]. <br />
<br />
*I '''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.AgliAmici Figli della guerra]'''<br />
::Venice: Istituto Veneto di Arti Grafiche Venezia, 1919 <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://beck.library.emory.edu/greatwar/ Great War]'''<br />
::This site at Emory University includes a great number of digitized poems and postcards.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/ Great War Fiction]'''<br />
::An interactive research blog. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.ReportAmerFund Report to the Contributors to the American Authors Fund]'''<br />
::By Margaret Wade Campbell Deland Boston: The American Authors Fund, [1914-1918]<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Maps and Atlases''' ==<br />
<br />
*The '''[http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/index.html Geography of the Great War]''' by Frank M. McMurry<br />
::(New York: Macmillan, 1919). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Bilderatlas Grosser Bilderatlas des Weltkrieges]''' [Great Illustrated Atlas of the World War]<br />
::3 vols. (Munich: F. Bruckmann, 1915-1919). - auf Deutsch - <br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/great%20war/great%20war%20index.htm Maps of World War I]''', offering detailed maps of war plans, battles, and political realignments (U.S. Military Academy).<br />
<br />
*'''[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/maps/list-ww1.html Maps of World War I]''' - from the History Department, U.C. San Diego.<br />
<br />
<br />
== <b>Music</b> ==<br />
<br />
*'''[http://dl.lib.brown.edu/sheetmusic/ww1/index.html World War I Sheet Music]''': A Brown University Library Digital Collection. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?page=index;c=umkcwwismic World War I Sheet Music]''': A part of the [http://digital.library.umsystem.edu/ University of Missouri Library's Digital Library]. <br />
<br />
<br />
== <b>Visual Arts</b> ==<br />
<br />
===Art===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/index2.html Art of the First World War]'''<br />
::An astounding collection representing artists from Guillaume Apollinaire through Eric Kennington to Ossip Zadkine - UNESCO. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.civilization.ca/cwm/canvas/cwint01e.html Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.angelfire.com/ca/hmhsllandoverycastle Military War Art and Artists,]''' including art from numerous wars in the Twentieth Century<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.art-ww1.com/ Six European Museums: Art In Commemoration of the 80th Anniversary of the Armistice]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/war_artists/index.html War Artists from the First World War]'''<br />
::Site maintained by the government of Ontario, Canada. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Cartoons and Illustrated Books===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Becassine Bécassine pendant la guerre]''' [Bécassine During the War]<br />
::Cartoons of J.-P. Pinchon, vaguely reminiscent of Wilhelm Busch and his Max und Moritz<br />
::(Paris: Gautier et Languereau, 1916)<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin's [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
'''[http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/PDFs/Between%20Shots.pdf Between Shots]''' <br />
::by Captain P.L. Crosby<br />
::with the 77th Division in France<br />
::New York: Harper & Brothers, 1919<br />
<br />
*'''Cartoons of Bruce Bairnsfather'''<br />
::[Bairnsfather was the British "Bill Mauldin" of World War One]<br />
::(London: "The Bystander" Tallis House, Whitefriars, & 190, Strand, n.d.)<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection].<br />
::[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Fragments1 The Bystander's Fragments from France]<br />
:: [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.FragmentsV4 The Bystander's Fragments from France, vol. IV]<br />
::[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.FragmentsV5 Clippings from the Bystander, no. 5]<br />
::[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.FragmentsV2 More Fragments from France, vol. II]<br />
::[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.FragmentsV5a More Fragments from France, vol. 5]<br />
::[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.FragmentsV3 Still More Bystander's Fragments from France, vol. III] <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Hetzkari Hetz-Karikaturen: zur Psychologie der Entente]'''<br />
::[Caricatures Designed to Enrage: Toward a Psychology of Entente]<br />
::(Berlin: Curtius, 1917). - Foreword in German, cartoons in French -<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.RueDuBois On the Rue Du Bois]''' -- illustrated by Frederick George Scott<br />
::London: Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, [1914-1918]<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*Louis Raemaekers, '''[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/propaganda/ Raemaekers' Cartoons]''' (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1916).<br />
::British propaganda cartoons on the German invasion of Belgium<br />
::Digitally assembled at Brigham Young University.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Film===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.bloodandoil.com/ Blood and Oil: The Middle East in World War I]'''<br />
::A film documentary examining the Western political intrigue that laid the foundation for wars, coups, revolts and military interventions in the Middle East.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.nfb.ca/ww1/ Film Records of the Canadian Participation in World War One]''' - by the National Film Board. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/ww1/filmsww1.html Films of World War I]''' - chronology and sources. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.realmilitaryflix.com/public/414.cfm Rare World War I Film]''' - featuring German footage (available for viewing online).<br />
::A clickable list of available films is found underneath the viewing window.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.greatwarfilm.com/ World War I: American Legacy]'''<br />
::A film documentary narrated by David Carridine.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Photography, Photo Collections, Photo Essays===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.psonsLinierne Bag linierne: Vejen til sejr bygges]''' [Behind the Lines: Building a Path to Victory: Danish]<br />
::(Leeds: Petty and Sons, n.d.)<br />
::Photographs digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.cmblinded The Committee for Men Blinded in Battle]'''<br />
::(New York: The Committee for Men Blinded in Battle, 1917)<br />
::Photographs and text digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.FrenchImages Documents de la Section photographique de l'Armée française]'''<br />
::Photographic documents of the French Ministry of War's Photography Section.<br />
::2 vols. (Paris: Ministère de la guerre, 1917)<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.BelFuture "For the Future": Belgium and Northern France]''' (San Francisco, Califormia: Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1916). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Krigsmand Fra forretningsmand til krigsmand: en Britisk soldats uddannelse]'''<br />
::[From Businessman to Man of War -- The Training of a British Soldier: Danish]<br />
::(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, n.d.)<br />
::Photographs digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Gennem Gennem sump og skov: de Britiske felttog i Afrika]'''<br />
::[Through Swamp and Jungle -- The British Campaign in Africa: Danish]<br />
::(Bristol: Rankin Bros., n.d.)<br />
::Photographs digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection].<br />
<br />
*La '''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.VK191803 Guerre illustrée]'''<br />
::[The War in Pictures -- March 1918 French ed. of Verdenskrigen i billeder (below)]<br />
::(London: Illustrated London News & Sketch, 1918).<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.greatwardifferent.com/ Great War in a Different Light]'''<br />
::Accounts from Contemporary Books and Magazines, Photo Galleries and Illustrations. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://70.84.35.50/photos/patriotic/graphics/liberty.jpg Human Statue of Liberty]'''<br />
::Picture of 18,000 Soldiers training at Fort Dodge, Iowa (click to enlarge).<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Haeng Haeng I: Britiske kvinders arbejde i krigstid]'''<br />
::["Hanging In There" -- British Women's Work in Wartime: Danish]<br />
::(England: The Mendip Press, n.d.)<br />
::Photographs digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.Skildvagt Havenes skildvagt: den Britiske flaades utraettelige vagt]'''<br />
::[Naval Watch Illustrated: The Unwavering Vigil of the British Fleet: Danish]<br />
::(London: Harrison, Jehring and Co., n.d.).<br />
::Photographs digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=browse&scope=HISTORY.HANOTAUX Histoire illustrée de la Guerre de 1914]'''<br />
::[Illustrated History of the War of 1914] by Gabriel Hanotaux<br />
::17 vols. (Paris: Gounouilhou, 1915-1924). - en français -<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WebZ/FETCH?sessionid=01-46675-536177179&recno=1&resultset=2&format=B&numrecs=12&fmtclass=gallery&entitysrchfmtclass=gallery&entitycurrecno=1&entitytoprecno=1&next=html/nfbrief.html&bad=error/badfetch.html&entityScanReferral=FALSE Image Collection of World War One]'''<br />
::Hundreds of images digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://pierreswesternfront.punt.nl/ Pierre's Photo Impressions of the Western Front]<br />
::A visual tour of important WWI sites as they now appear.<br />
<br />
*Verdenskrigen i billeder [World War in Pictures: Danish]<br />
::Subtitle added June-December 1918: ... fra de allieredes fronter [From the Allied Front]<br />
::(London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1917-1918)<br />
::Digitized in University of Wisconsin [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/HistoryHome.html Digital History Collection].<br />
::1917: [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.VK191710 October] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.VK191711 November] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191712 December]<br />
::1918: [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191801 January] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=header&id=History.VK191802 February] - . . . - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191805 May] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191806 June] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191807 July] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191808 August] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191809 September] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191810 October] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191811 November] - [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idxtype=header&id=History.VK191812 December]<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.oscHelpTobacco Will You Help These Brave Wounded Men?]'''<br />
::London: The Over-Seas Club, [1914-1918] <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,589791,00.html World of Trench Warfare in Color]'''<br />
::Photos from the German trenches by Hans Hildenbrand, presented by [http://www.spiegel.de/international/ Spiegel Online International] with an English interface.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/explore/dgexplore.cfm?topic=history&collection=WorldWarIPhotographA&col_id=211 World War I Photograph Albums and Postcards]'''<br />
::Digital facsimiles of the collection at New York Public Library.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwaronecolorphotos.com World War One Color Photos]<br />
::Including French images from [http://gallica.bnf.fr Gallica], the online service of the French National Library.<br />
<br />
===Posters===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/posters/index.html Canadian Posters from the First World War]''' - from the Archives of Ontario <br />
<br />
*'''[http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/warposters/ Canadian War Poster Collection]''' - McGill University Libraries <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/warpost/english/home.htm Poster War: Allied Propaganda Art of the First World War]''' - Provincial Museum of Alberta <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.greatwar.nl/posters/posters.html Posters from the Great War]''' - from [http://www.greatwar.nl/ The Heritage of the Great War] site <br />
<br />
*'''[http://mssa.library.yale.edu/madid/showthumb.php?id=mss&msrg=671&msrgext=0 World War One Poster Collection]'''<br />
::War Poster Collection. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.world-war-pictures.com/ World War Pictures]'''<br />
::Posters, Photos, Poets and Artists.<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<br />
== By Country ==<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Australia</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.aa.gov.au The Australian Archives]''': From this page can be located Australian WWI serving personnel records, along with memorials and other records of Australian participation in the Great War. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.adfa.oz.au/HISTORY/index.html The Australian Defence Force Academy]''': Includes access to the 'First AIF Database Project' which... seeks to record comprehensive information on all 332,000 men and women (i.e. nurses) who served in the the Australian Imperial Force 1914-19. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.awm.gov.au/diaries/ww1/index.asp Australian Army War Diaries - First World War]'''<br />
:A subset of [http://www.awm.gov.au/diaries/index.asp Australian Army War Diaries] from the '''[http://www.awm.gov.au/index.asp Australian War Memorial]'''.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Belgium</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.a-w-a.be./ Association for World War Archaeology],''' with archaeological research carried out at several WWI sites in the Ypres Salient.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://users.skynet.be/fonck/ouvertur.html Belgian Forts - Liege]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://users.pandora.be/bart.van.bulck/ Fort de Liezele.]''' <b>Belgium </b>- 1908-1914; concrete fortifications. In Dutch and English. <br />
<br />
A new <b>Belgian</b> site, [http://www.inflandersfields.be 'In Flanders Fields']. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://club.euronet.be/philippe.saintes/asduciel.htm Les Chevaliers du Ciel]''', a site in French, from <b>Belgium</b>, on the German fliers, including Richthofen, Voss, Udet. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.unfortunate-region.org/ An Unfortunate Region]''' - <b>Flanders</b><br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Canada</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.army.dnd.ca/48HIGHLANDERS/ The 48th Highlanders of Canada]''' - Official site. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://members.tripod.com/apollon_2 The 54th Kootenay Battalion, <b>CEF</b>]''' <br />
<br />
*An '''[http://archives.queensu.ca/wwi/index.html Archival Look at World War I -- many items digitized from the Queen's University Archives, Canada]''' <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/gray/index.html Archives of Ontario Remembers Our Canadian War Heroes.]''' - maintained by the government of Ontario, Canada. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.odyssee.net/~kerra/bwhome.html Black Watch ]'''(RHR) of Canada - the senior Canadian Highland Regiment. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/E/SL_CanadaAtWar.asp Canada at War]''' - The National SchoolNet collections site, part of Canada's Digital Collections, includes the: CEF Attestation Papers; Books of Remembrance; Aviation Hall of Fame; Canadian Military Medals and Decorations; Canadian Veterans Recollect; Courage Remembered; The Northwest Rebellion of 1885; the Taconis Collection and Canadian Military Uniforms. Major resource, en français et anglais. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.cefresearch.com/ Canada Expeditionary Force Study Group]'''-- forum and research help. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.archives.ca/05/0518_e.html Canada in the First World War]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history/firstwar Canada in the First World War]''' from Veterans Affairs Canada.<br />
::Also available in [http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general_f/sub.cfm?source=history/firstwar the French version]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.constable.ca Canadian Air Aces and Heroes,]''' in WWI, WWII and Korea. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.forces.ca/hr/dhh/downloads/Official_Histories/CEF_e.PDF Canadian Expeditionary Force: 1914-1919]''' - Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War, by Colonel G.W.L. Nicholson (PDF file). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://web.mala.bc.ca/davies/letters.images/collections.index.htm#WorldWarOne Canadian Letters and Images Project]''' <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.rootsweb.com/~ww1can/ Canadian Great War Homepage]''' - The Canadian Military Heritage Project <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.canadiangreatwarproject.com/ Canadian Great War Project]''' - Large fully-searchable database of Canadians who served in the First World War. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/4/1/m5-170-e.html Canadian sheet music from the First World War era]''' (National Library of <b>Canada</b>) <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.virtualmemorial.gc.ca/ Canadian Virtual War Memorial]''' <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/canada_war/ Canadian Wartime Experience: The Documentary Legacy of Canada at War]''' - digitised documents maintained at the University of Manitoba. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.warmuseum.ca/ Canadian War Museum / Musée canadien de la guerre]''' . <br />
<br />
*'''[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/courage/splash.html Courage Remembered]''': The World Wars through Canadian Eyes. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.cmhg.gc.ca/html/browse/search-en.asp?No=0&N=100221+20001&t=0&Ne=100000 First World War]''' from the [http://www.cmhg.gc.ca/ Canadian Military History Gateway] - literally hundreds of sites. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-71-2425/conflict_war/firstworldwar/ First World War: Canada Remembers]''' - video and sound files from CBC Archives.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.kingandempire.com/ For King and Empire: Canada's Soldiers in the Great War]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/2/13/h13-4000-e.html From Colony to Country: A Reader's Guide to Canadian Military History]''' (National Library of Canada) <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.glenbow.org/musehtm/military.htm Glenbow Museum (Calgary, Alberta, Canada)]''', featuring images from its rich collection. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.infoukes.com/history/internment/ Internment of Ukrainians in Canada 1914-1920]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/turner/ Jack Turner's War]''' - photos, articles, interviews. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/education/cenotaphresearch/054106_e.html 'Lest We Forget']''' - with galleries of photographs and posters <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.museumoftheregiments.ca/main/ Museum of the Regiments,]''' Calgary, Alberta, Canada. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.archives.ca/ National Archives of Canada]''', with sections dealing with locating and obtaining Canadian Service records held within the Archives. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://warmuseum.ca/cwm/overtop/index_e.html Over the Top,]''' an interactive trench adventure at the Canadian War Museum. <br />
<br />
*Parks Canada's page concerning the '''[http://www.worldweb.com/ParksCanada-Banff/intern.html Internment camps erected during the First World War in Banff National Park,]''' at the Cave and Basin and near Castle Mountain. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=collections/chorus Popular Songs of the Great War.]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/legion/home.htm Royal Canadian Legion of Newfoundland and Labrador]'''. <br />
<br />
*Veterans Affairs Canada, '''[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=history/firstwar The First World War.]'''<br />
::[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm?source=collections/chorus Songs Popular during the First World War ](audio) <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www2.nlc-bnc.ca/gramophone/src/1ae.htm Virtual Gramophone - The First World War Era]''' - Canadian Historical Sound Recordings. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.archives.ca/02/020152_e.html War Diaries of the First World War]''' - diaries of Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) units, digitised by the National Archives. <br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Czechoslovakia</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/notebooks/czech-legions.html The Czech Legions.]''' <br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>England / Great Britain</b> ===<br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.pals.org.uk/pals_e.htm Accrington Pals]''' - site dedicated to the 11th (Service) Battalion (Accrington) East Lancashire Regiment (It even has a [http://www.pals.org.uk/pals_d.htm German-language] interface!) <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.bl.uk/collections/westeuropean/france1914-18.html British Library's French Section: The First World War.]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.chavasse.u-net.com/chavasse.html Captain Noel Chavasse,]''' Medical Officer of the 10th (Liverpool Scottish) Battalion, the King's (Liverpool) Regiment, England, the only man to win the Victoria Cross twice during the Great War. The primary reference for this life. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk/index.htm Centre for First World War Studies]''' - located at the University of Birmingham.<br />
:See in particular [http://www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk/biogs.htm Lions Led by Donkeys] for biographical notes on British generals.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.chailey1914-1918.net/ Chailey 1914-1918]''' - the story of a village community (in what is now East Sussex) during the First World War.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ltg/projects/jtap/tutorials/intro/craiglock.html Craiglockhart Hospital]''' and the poets Sassoon and Owens. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/firstworldwar First World War]''' - as reported by the ''Guardian''.<br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/ First World War: Sources for History]''' - sponsored by the British National Archives. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/revision/worldwari.shtml GCSE World War One History Revision]''' (England) - Teaching aids and examination papers concerning the Great War. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.fylde.demon.co.uk/welcome.htm Hellfire Corner,]''' a WWI site by Tom Morgan focusing on British and Imperial involvement. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.iwm.org.uk/ Imperial War Museum,]''' London, England. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.1914-1918.net/ Long, Long Trail: Story of the British Army in the Great War of 1914-1918]'''. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/default.htm National Archives]''' (Great Britain). Includes the [http://www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/default.asp complete catalogue of holdings], and [http://www.documentsonline.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ digital documents]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.hmc.gov.uk National Register of Archives]''' for the United Kingdom; England. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.scmetcalfe.btinternet.co.uk The Northallerton Memorials Project]''' - the record of the war dead of Northallerton, Romanby & Brompton, North Yorkshire, England. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ltg/projects/jtap/rose/ Oxford WWW Isaac Rosenberg Tutorial]''': A WWI Chronology, interpretative material and contextual information. <br />
<br />
*The Psywar Society of Great Britain publishes '''[http://www.btinternet.com/~rrnotes/psywarsoc/fleaf/index.htm The Falling Leaf,]''' which has published articles dealing with the Great War, including 'The First Leaflet of the First World War', 'Propaganda Behind The Lines', and 'Air Disseminated Postcards of the First World War. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.sjc.ox.ac.uk/graves/graves.html The Robert Graves Society Information Centre]''': St. John's College, England. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.britishlegion.org.uk The Royal British Legion]''' Home Page, England <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.westernfront.co.uk/ The Western Front Association]''' website, Great Britain <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/ The Wilfred Owen Digital Multimedia Archive,]''' the University of Oxford, England's innovative and comprehensive archive dealing with Owen, with film clips, photographs, poetry tutorials and a complete run of the Hydra.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>France</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://perso.wanadoo.fr/war_1 American Battlefields in France: Chateau-Thiery and Belleau Wood]'''. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.association14-18.org/ "Association 1914-1918"]''' of France, homepage. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://war1418.com/battleverdun Battle of Verdun, 1916]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.thebattleofcambrai.co.uk/ Cambrai: The Battlefields Today]'''.<br />
<br />
*Le '''[http://www.ags.fr/d3/actesducolloque/stigmates.html Colloque international "Traces de 14-18"]'''. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.mairie-metz.fr:8080/METZ/ANIM/ARMIST/ARMIST1195.html Commemoration at Metz]''', and the Verdun 1916: un Train-Expo à Metz, France. <br />
<br />
*La '''[http://perso.club-internet.fr/batmarn2/index.htm Deuxième Bataille de la Marne]''' 1914-1918, France - The Second Battle of the Marne River; Pour tout savoir sur la Bataille et les détails des opérations de la Commémoration de la Deuxième Bataille de la Marne. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://crdp.ac-reims.fr/memoire/default.htm Histoire et memoire des deux guerres mondiales]'''. A website of the Centre Régional de Documentation Pedagogique de Champagne-Ardenne. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/ mémoire des hommes]''' -- a French Ministry of Defense database to locate French soldiers who died in combat.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.jmo.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/cdc.html mémoire des hommes. Journaux des unités (1914-1918)]''' -- Diaries and histories of French combat forces.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://perso.wanadoo.fr/memorial.14-18/ Mémorial de Verdun, 1914-1918]''' - Verdun as symbol of the Great War? <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.linge1915.com/ Muse&eacute;e M&eacute;morial Le Linge]''' - champ de bataille, 1914-1918. Available in [http://www.linge1915.com French], [http://www.linge1915.com/index1-an.html English], or [http://www.linge1915.com/index-all.html German].<br />
<br />
*La '''[http://www.grande-guerre.org/ Première guerre mondiale (1902 - 1932)]'''. With documentation of pre- and postwar chronological, thematic and geographic details. <br />
<br />
*La '''[http://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/terre/enjeux_defense/patrimoine/service_historique/le_service_historique_de_larmee_de_terre/ Service Historique de l'Armée de Terre,]''' Vincennes, France. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.anzac.org Somme: a Land of History]''' - ANZAC connexions to the Somme, presented by the French Conseil Général de la Somme. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://humanbonb.free.fr/ Vestiges militaria]''' - French-language portal to war relics & personal collections left over from the First and the Second World Wars.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Germany</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.erster-weltkrieg.clio-online.de/ Clio Online: Themenportal 1. Weltkrieg]'''<br />
::A German-language portal to the First World War.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.dhm.de/symp.html Die Darstellbarkeit des Krieges im Museum]''' ("The Presentation of War in Museums")<br />
::A German site reporting on the conference of the same name. <br />
<br />
*Das '''[http://www.kaiserlicherautomobilclub.de/ Deutsche Kaiserliche Automobil-Corps und seine Dolche]''' (The German Imperial Automobile Corps in WWI).<br />
::- also available [http://www.kaiserlicherautomobilclub.de/english/inhalt.html in English] -<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.dh-museum.com Deutsches Historisches Museum]''': German Historical Museum, Berlin.<br />
::- also available [http://www.dhm.de/ENGLISH/index.html in English] - <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.deutsche-marinesoldaten.de/ Deutsche Marinesoldaten]''': German Naval Personnel.<br />
::A website of the German Naval Archive.<br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.juenger.org Ernst Jünger Home Page.]''' (German author). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.vl-zeitgeschichte.de/modules.php?op=modload&name=Web_Links&file=index&req=viewlink&cid=2 Erster Weltkrieg]''' - German-language First World War webpage in [http://vlib.iue.it/history/index.html Virtual Library for History]. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://feldzeitungen.uni-hd.de ''Feldzeitungen aus dem 1. Weltkrieg - online'']''' - newspapers for German soldiers at the front.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://web387.basicbox7.server-home.net/ Fliegertruppe]''' <br />
::The German air corps from 1911 through 1920. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.frontflieger.de/ Frontflieger: Die Soldaten der Deutschen Fliegertruppe 1914-1918]'''<br />
::Information on German flyers, including the "Red Baron," Manfred von Richthofen. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.mgfa.de/?lang=en&PHPSESSID=efe1a538e3114b8e779ec42dd2462008 Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt]''' - Military History Research Institute of the German Bundeswehr, located in Potsdam. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.stahlgewitter.com/ Stahlgewitter - Kriegschronik]''' - offering chronicles and images of the First World War from the German perspective. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://members.fortunecity.se/mikaelxii/ww1/Germany/fleet/submarine.html The U-Boat War, 1914-1918]'''.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Greece</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.hri.org/docs The Hellenic Resources Network.]''' - Material related to Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, the Balkans, Armenia and Kurdistan during the Great War.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Italy ===<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwar1.com/itafront/ La Grande Guerra: The Italian Front 1915-1918]''' - linking to a number of feature articles and other information about Italy during the Great War.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== '''Mexico''' ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://home.uleth.ca/~gallgr/revmex/index.html Historia de la Revolucion Mexicana:]''' A non-traditional view of the Mexican Revolution. En español.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>The Netherlands</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.greatwar.nl The Heritage of the Great War]''' based in The Netherlands: Great War posters, cartoons, photographs, articles dealing with toxic gas and shells. <br />
<br />
*The Netherlands '''[http://www.westernfront.nl Western Front Museum]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.unfortunate-region.org/ An Unfortunate Region]''' - the Netherlands <br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>Newfoundland</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://collections.ic.gc.ca/great_war/ Newfoundland and the Great War]''' <br />
<br />
<br />
=== <b>New Zealand</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.nzmuseums.co.nz/ResultsCollection.asp?Collection=Military The New Zealand Military Museums]'''. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.natlib.govt.nz/mi/collections/turnbull/published.html The Alexander Turnbull Museum, New Zealand.]''' Includes images from Sir Ernest Shackelton's (later of the Archangel/Murmansk Expeditions) 1914-1916 Antarctic Voyage. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.ake.quik.co.nz/phoar/ New Zealand and the Great War.]''' Peter Hoar's contribution to mark New Zealand's participation in the war, including memorial sites, chronology and bibliography.<br />
<br />
*'''[[Rover Sunbeam Ambulance]]'''. A picture of what is believed to be the last remaining Rover Sunbeam Ambulance.<br />
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=== <b>Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.royaldublinfusiliers.com/ Royal Dublin Fusiliers].''' The history of the RDF, an infantry regiment of the British army that was disbanded before independence in 1922.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.irishsoldier.org/ The Somme Heritage Centre, County Down,]''' Northern Ireland.<br />
<br />
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=== <b>Russia</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.worldwar1.com/post004.htm Posters of Russian soldiers in the Great War.]'''<br />
<br />
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=== <b>Scotland</b> (see also Great Britain) ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.fettes.com/scotsatwar/ Scots at War]''' (Scotland) <br />
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*'''[http://www.btinternet.com/%7Ejames.fanning/westcalder1/index.html Far From the Front: War in a Scottish Village]''' <br />
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=== <b>South Africa</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.militarymuseum.co.za/welcome.html The South African War Museum]'''. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.places.co.za/html/warmuseum.html The War Museum of the Boer Republics]''' (South Africa).<br />
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=== <b>Turkey/Ottoman Empire</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://aton.ttu.edu/ Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative]''' (Turkey)<br />
::Located at the library of Texas Tech University. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.oswego.edu/~baloglou/anatolia/anat-neoturkish-titles.html Adventuring with Anatolia College]''' is an Anatolian/Turkish/Armenian resource on the Web Covering the period 1910 until 1921. <br />
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*'''[http://users.skynet.be/Gallipoli/ Gallipoli].''' A website on the battle by Julien Snelders.<br />
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=== <b>United States</b> ===<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.foresthistory.org/Research/WWI_ForestryEngineers.htm 10th and 20th Forestry Engineers]''' - primary source material and essays on engineers who provided Allied forces with timber needed for the war effort.<br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.abmc.gov/ American Battlefields Monument Commission.]''' - Assistance in locating battlefields, gravesites. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.ntis.gov/databases/armypub.htm Army Manuals and Publications]''' Search Page, includes access to US Army Technical and Field Manuals. USA <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.ww1.org 'Battery Corporal Willis S. Cole Military Museum']''' of Kirkland, Washington, USA, dealing with both the exploits of Corporal Cole and aircraft history of the Great War. <br />
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*The '''[http://www.rrmtf.org/firstdivision First Division Museum at Cantigny]''', Illinois, USA. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.people.memphis.edu/~kenichls/2602WWOneInternment.html German and Austro-Hungarian Internment]''' during World War One in the United States. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://iww.org/~iw/feb/deport.html Great Bisbee IWW Deportation]''' of July 12, 1917 (Arizona). <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.tulipacademy.org/gew/ Great European and World War]''' - specializing in graphics that show formations and orders of battle. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.worldwar1.com/tgws/ Great War Society]''', Stanford, California. USA. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.trumanlibrary.org Harry S Truman Library,]''' (USA) - with a wide variety of representative documents and photos concerning the President's experiences. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.libertymemorialmuseum.org/ Liberty Memorial Online]''' - sponsored by the Liberty Memorial Association in Kansas City, Missouri. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.english.emory.edu/LostPoets/ Lost Poets of the Great War]'''(World War I; by Harry Rusche - USA). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www2.okstate.edu/ww1hist/ Life at Camp Funston:]''' Reflections of Army Sergeant Charles L. Johnston, USA. Co-respondence, photographs, dealing with Camp Funston (Ft. Riley), Kansas, 1918. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.isop.ucla.edu/africa/mgpp/ Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project.]''' - Online resource and access. USA <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/mohwwi.htm Medal of Honor Recipients, World War One]''' USA. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.nsa.gov/museum/index.cfm National Cryptologic Museum:]''' Includes images of the 'Verdun Intercept Site Exhibit' and of the 'Black Chamber.' (USA) <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/nfhtml/ Nation's Forum: Early Sound Recordings of America's Leaders, 1918-1920]''' (USA). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/rotogravures/ Newspaper Pictorials - World War I Rotogravures]''' - part of the Library of Congress' American Memory Project (USA). <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/powmia-home.html POW/MIA Database,]''' offered by the Federal Research Division, US Library of Congress. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html Price of Freedom: Americans at War]''' - an exhibition of the Smithsonian Institution. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.sgtyork.org/ Sergeant York Patriotic Foundation]''' - with resources on America's "Greatest Hero of World War I."<br />
<br />
*'''[http://renton.50megs.com/Tuscania/ S.S. Tuscania - An American History]''' - About American troops lost on the Troopship Tuscania Feb. 5, 1918. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.geocities.com/c_battistini/Usnrf/INDEX.htm US Naval Reserve force at Porto Corsini, Italy;]''' August - December 1918. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.wfa-usa.org/new/index.cfm Western Front Association - US Branch]''' - especially noteworthy for its [http://www.wfa-usa.org/new/resources.htm resources section].<br />
<br />
The '''[http://www.woodrowwilson.org/learn/learn_show.htm?doc_id=321375 Woodrow Wilson eLibrary]''' - with, among other things, digital copies of his most famous speeches. <br />
<br />
*The '''[http://www.nthp.org/main/sites/wilsonhouse.htm Woodrow Wilson House,]''' presented by the US National Trust. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://eagle.vsla.edu/wwi/ World War I History Commission Questionnaires]''' of the State of Virginia, USA. The surveys of World War I veterans in Virginia, a fully-searchable database of over 14,900 records, one for each questionnaire respondent, accessible by name, city/county, and race. Each record is also linked to digitized images of each page of the questionnaires, as well as any accompanying material such as photographs and additional pages submitted by the respondents.<br />
<br />
== <b>Miscellaneous Sites</b> ==<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''[http://aulimp.au.af.mil/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First Air University Periodicals Index]''': A searchable database. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.christmastruce.co.uk/ Christmas Truce 1914: Operation Plum Puddings]''' -- A project to document the Christmas Truce. <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.csd.uwo.ca/~pettypi/elevon/aces.html Fighter Pilot 'Ace' List]''' <br />
<br />
*'''[http://www.todayisfree.com/ Today is Free]''' - 360-degree virtual views of war cemeteries.<br />
<br />
*A variety of materiel sites, including the '''[http://pease1.sr.unh.edu The World War I Modelling Page;]''' along with those concentrating on '''[http://www.wpi.edu/~elmer/navy/battleships/germany.html Dreadnoughts]''', '''[http://www.wpi.edu/~elmer/navy/battleships/england.html Battleships]''', and the '''[http://www.oldrhinebeck.org Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome.]'''<br />
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[[image:Russhold.gif]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Zhilinsky, General Yakov Gregorievich.''' (1853-c. 1920). <br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Zhilinsky''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Zeppelin&diff=8735Zeppelin2009-07-28T23:02:50Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Zeppelin''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:ZEPPELIN.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Zeppelin, Count (Graf ) Ferdinand von''' (1838-1917). Born in Konstanz, Baden. <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE> <br />
Count von Zeppelin joined the Army at 16 and earned his commission by the time he was 20. Five years later, as a military observer for the King of Württemburg, he traveled with the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was in that service that the young count had gone aloft in military observation balloons.<BR><BR><br />
During Zeppelin's military career, he fought in the Seven-Weeks War (1866) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), serving in the armies of Württemburg, Prussia and Imperial Germany. In 1890, Zeppelin retired from military service as a brigadier of cavalry, but the 52 year old count was not ready to retire completely. He had been nursing a dream since 1874 of giant flying 'ships' plying the 'oceans of air.' He became a tireless champion of lighter-than-air aircraft. <BR><BR><br />
<br />
By the late 1800s, people were attaching motors and propellers to balloons in order to travel at will. Makers of engine-powered lighter-than-air craft quickly encountered a technological ceiling. Lifting more powerful engines and heavier loads, required a much larger gas envelope. To attain any speed faster than a crawl, the larger envelope had to be fashioned into sleek aerodynamic shapes with small frontal area. These long, thin 'sausage' shapes tended to be highly unstable. Slight changes in the craft's center of gravity could cause the larger volumes of hydrogen to shift wildly -- sometimes with tragic results.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Zeppelin's design broke that technological barrier and made his name a synonym for the airship. His solution contained the hydrogen in separate 'cells' all within a long, thin, light-weight metal frame covered with stretched fabric. His first rigid airship, the Luftshiff Zeppelin 1 , made its initial flight in July 1900. While not perfect, the LZ 1 impressed some people with the potential of airships. Many remained skeptics.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Despite numerous setbacks and outright disasters, Count von Zeppelin persevered. His persistence and determination transformed him into a national hero. The Kaiser bestowed upon Zeppelin the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle, an order usually reserved for high nobility. His airships caught the popular imagination such that the 'Zeppelin' became an icon for national pride. In 1908, The Imperial German government bought the LZ 3 and gave it the army designation of Z 1. Airplanes were still flimsy and extremely limited. Zeppelin's airships had an enormous performance advantage.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
By 1914, Germany had the largest fleet of airships of any nation. While impressive, the airship's performance advantage over airplanes had all but disappeared. Over 100 airships were used by Germany during the Great War for reconnaissance and bombing. Those chores shifted to airplanes later in the war.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
Count von Zeppelin died in 1917 without seeing his vision of regular airship passenger lines come to reality. Only in the 1930s did the 'Zeppelin' have its brief days of glory.<br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Zeppelin''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Yuan_Shikai&diff=8734Yuan Shikai2009-07-28T23:01:40Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Yuan Shikai''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:CHINHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Yuan Shikai (Yuan Shih-Kai).''' (1859-1916) <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE> <br />
Yuan Shikai (Yuan Shih-kai) was one to the most significant Chinese political figures in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a high military official of the Qing (Ching) Dynasty who turned against it, succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the first president of the Chinese Republic and attempted to found a new imperial dynasty. <BR><BR><br />
<br />
He was born in 1859 to a locally prominent family in Honan. His father and uncles were active in suppressing rebellion in North China in the 1850s and 1860s. The fourth of six sons, he was adopted by his father's younger brother in 1866. After his adopted father died in 1873, he moved to Beijing (Peking) and lived under the supervision of his uncles until 1878. Although educated in the traditional manner, studying and memorizing the Confucian Classics, from an early age, he showed neither talent in nor interest for traditional scholarship and learning. Instead he devoted his time to horseback riding, hunting, other martial pursuits and general hell raising. After failing the civil service examinations twice, he sought a career in a less conventional fashion.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
In 1880, he purchased a low level bureaucratic title and went to serve in the military entourage of a friend of his adopted father. His first taste of active military duty came in 1882 in Korea. Between 1876 and 1895, Japan and China struggled for influence in Korea. Each sought to gain ascendency over the royal family and through it, the country. Both countries had imperial designs on the Korean peninsula. The Koreans, on the other hand, would have liked nothing better than to rid themselves of both the Chinese and the Japanese.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
In 1882, a series of anti-Japanese riots was precipitated by a coup d'état. Chinese troops rushed into Seoul to head off a Japanese reaction. This was the beginning of a Chinese forward policy that would reassert Chinese rights of suzerainty over Korea. Yuan made a success of himself and spent the next twelve years in Korea in various capacities.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Initially, he was an adviser on foreign affairs. In 1884, he was placed in command of the three Chinese divisions in Korea. At the same time, at the request of the Korean king, he helped form and served as adviser to the newly constituted royal guards. In addition, he raised and trained Korean pacification troops for duty in the countryside. That same year, in the wake of another anti-Japanese riot, Chinese troops rescued the Japanese minister from a Korean mob. Both China and Japan had substantial numbers of troops in Korea by then.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
In 1885, Japan and China agreed to split influence in Korea equally, but the Chinese government tried to keep its paramount position on the peninsula. Its primary instrument for carrying out this policy was its commissioner and Chinese Resident in Korea, Yuan Shikai. Over the next nine years, Yuan effectively used his influence to re-establish Chinese ascendency in Korea and minimize the influence of other powers. Notably, he was able to minimize Japanese and Russian influence, block the Korean government's attempt to establish diplomatic relations with Great Britain and persuade the Korean government to ban the sale of rice to Japanese merchants. His heavy-handed approach alienated the Korean government and antagonized the Japanese.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
He left shortly before the outbreak of war between China and Japan over Korea in 1894 that led to a disastrous Chinese defeat. Yuan made great use of his Korean sojourn. He learned to work in an atmosphere of intrigue and rivalry and learned lessons in diplomacy and the ways to manipulate political and military power. This served him well over the rest of his career.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
After China's defeat in Korea, Yuan was assigned to work on military modernization projects, impressing new imperial and Manchu patrons in North China. He was chosen to command and train a modernized military force, the Newly Created Army, stationed near Tianjin (Tientsin). A methodological training manual, favoring German training methods, presented to the throne in 1899, was one result of this experience.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
As he commanded the Newly Created Army, Yuan used the opportunity to foster a sense of personal loyalty to him among the officers and men. It must be pointed out that this was traditional practice in the late Qing. The army was organized along Western lines with infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineer units. A modern staff system was also created.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
During the 100 Days Reform Movement of 1898 he was promoted by the emperor. He and the reformers assumed Yuan was one of them because of his work in military modernization. In fact, he was loyal to his earlier Manchu patrons and helped them forestall a reform coup by mounting a counter coup. This action made Yuan anathema to reformers even though he prepared and published an exculpatory diary. With the ascendence of the conservative party, Yuan s star also rose.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
In 1899, many of Yuan's troops were transferred to Shandong (Shantung) to reinforce units to overwatch German encroachments and suppress the anti-foreign Boxers. The latter were increasing in ferocity and Yuan succeeded, despite the lack of Court support (prominent officials supported the Boxers), in moving the Boxers from Shandong. Later that year, he was appointed Shandong governor.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
During the Boxer Uprising, Yuan followed a non-involvement policy. He ignored Court strictures to support the Boxers and instead suppressed them ruthlessly and protected foreigners under his jurisdiction. In doing this, he followed the actions of the governors-general of South and Central China. Because of this policy, his troops remained intact and were, in fact, reinforced.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
In July 1901, Yuan was the commander of the largest, best trained Chinese military force in North China. In addition, foreigners perceived him as following a pro-Western policy. After the court returned to the capital and the death of his powerful Chinese patron, Li Hongzhang (Li Hung-chang), he was appointed governor-general of Zhili (Chihli) province and northern commissioner of military and foreign affairs.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Over the next eight years, he introduced military, educational, legal and industrial reforms in North China. His major focus was military reform. He was able to form a modern, well-equipped Northern Army staffed by his subordinates personally loyal to himself. As the dynasty tried to reform itself, Yuan was able to gather more power. He was known as a popular but strict commander. He showed a personal interest in the well-being of his troops, seeing they were paid regularly and promoted his protégés, ensuring their loyalty.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
As a Chinese official in an increasingly Manchu-dominated administration, Yuan relied on the patronage of the empress dowager. After her death in 1908, his career went into a swift decline. Within three months of her death, Yuan was unceremoniously retired. The pretext was his incapacitation by a foot injury.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Although retired, Yuan kept in close contact with his protégés. When the Double Ten (October 10th) Revolution began in 1911, the dynasty summoned him back to duty. He was appointed to command an army to suppress the rebellion. However, Yuan was in no rush to rejoin and support those who had unceremoniously retired him. He declined to accept the appointment, saying his foot injury still troubled him.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
He was finally persuaded to take up the command of the army in return for the office of prime minister. Yuan then entered into negotiations with the rebels and played the incompetent dynasts off against the politically naive revolutionaries. By March 1912, the Manchus abdicated and Yuan was named first president of the Chinese Republic.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
Over the next two years, Yuan engaged in political intrigue against the republicans. He did not believe in the republican form of government and worked to subvert it. By May 1913, he had negotiated a loan with a five power bank consortium representing concerns in Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan. The agreement, signed without the approval of the National Assembly, gave him the wherewithal to move against his opponents.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
After destroying their political and military authority, he moved to consolidate his power. He dissolved the National Assembly, replacing it with a political council composed of his own cronies. This body created a constitutional council to draft a new governing document. This new constitution granted unlimited powers to the president.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
The outbreak of World War I presented him with new difficulties. Before, both he and his predecessors were able to balance the imperial powers against one another to ensure that no one power, especially Japan, dominated China. As Western interest shifted from East Asia, the Japanese were given a relatively free hand. As an ally of Great Britain, Japan seized the German territorial concessions in Shandong. In January 1915, the Japanese presented Yuan's government with their infamous Twenty One Demands. If they had all been granted, China would have been transformed into a Japanese protectorate. No foreign power intervened to stop Japan and Yuan was unwilling to commit his army to fight the Japanese. Therefore, he submitted to all but the most radical of them.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
The submission may have been linked to Yuan's desire to found a new imperial dynasty. If his plan was to succeed, he needed Japanese indifference, if not cooperation. He received support from his Japanese and American advisers as well as his relatives and Chinese advisers. The monarchical movement began in August 1915. By December, Yuan was petitioned to ascend the throne and found a new dynasty. Orders were issued transforming China from a republic to a monarchy. Unfortunately, this move was met with hostility both inside and outside China. The Japanese were the first to register a protest and even former supporters turned against him. By March 1916, the monarchical experiment was over and Yuan restored a republican government.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Faced with defiance and revolt from his subordinates, Yuan's political power began to slip away. Through the spring, he tried to negotiate a settlement with the military commanders in the southwest. In June 1916, exhausted and ill, Yuan died of uremia.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Yuan has not been well treated by either foreign or Chinese historians, although foreign historians were not as vituperative as the Chinese. He is usually portrayed as an unscrupulous political operator, whose ethics were governed by personal ambition and political expediency. Nevertheless, he was a capable administrator and in the early 20th century his leadership was seen as the only alternative to chaos. In fact, this judgment was vindicated after his death as China slipped into twelve years of civil war and revolution.<br />
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[[Image:ENDMARK.GIF]] <I>LB</I><br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Yuan Shikai''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Yoshihito&diff=8733Yoshihito2009-07-28T23:00:49Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Yoshihito''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:YOSHHITO.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Taisho Emperor, Yoshihito.''' (1879-1926). <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE> <br />
Yoshihito was the 123rd emperor, this traditional list included several nonhistorical monarchs. He was posthumously given the name, Taisho Emperor; called after the name of the era over which he presided, the Taisho Era (1912-1926). His personal name was Yoshihito and he was the third son of the Meiji Emperor. <BR><BR><br />
<br />
Unlike his father the Meiji Emperor, he did not play an active role in Japanese politics. He was plagued by ill health, mental and physical. Shortly after he was born, in 1879, he contracted what now appears to be meningitis. His education, such as it was, stressed physical training rather than academics. However, he was the first heir to the throne to receive a public education, attending the Peers School (now called Gakushuin University), studying Western subjects as well as the Chinese Classics. He started formal schooling in 1887 and attended for eight years. After that, he was privately tutored in Western and Chinese subjects.<BR><BR><br />
<br />
Always regarded as somewhat mentally impaired, he did ascend the throne on his father’s death in 1912. By 1919, however, he was unable to undertake such official duties as presiding over the opening of the Diet. (This should not have surprised anyone since he was seen making a telescope out of a speech he was to read opening the 1913 Diet. He then gazed through it at the Prime Minister, his government and the opposition.) He spent more and more time away from Tokyo at various imperial retreats. In 1921, his son, Crown Prince Hirohito (the Showa Emperor) was appointed Regent. He served in this post until his father died in 1926.<br />
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[[Image:ENDMARK.GIF]] <I>LB</I><br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Yoshihito''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Alvin_York&diff=8732Alvin York2009-07-28T22:59:41Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[XYZ-Index]] > '''Alvin York''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:YORK.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''York, Alvin C., Sergeant.''' (1887-1964). <br />
<BLOCKQUOTE> <br />
Alvin Cullum York was born on December 13, 1887 at Pall Mall, Fentress County, Tenessee, the third of eleven children of William and Mary Brooks York. The tall, gangly red-headed lad was typical of rural American youth of the turn of the century, working hard and playing hard. Growing up in the mountains, Alvin, like most of his contemporaries, lived by his rifle. To young Alvin, the rifle was not a weapon to be used in a fight, but a tool to put meat on the table. He became an expert marksman, and won many a county turkey-shoot. His skill with the rifle was to play a major role in his fame. <BR><BR> <br />
Alvin's father died in 1911, leaving Alvin the oldest son at home to help his mother raise a large family. The young man became a hard-drinking, gambling roughneck, until he met Gracie Williams in about 1915. Due mostly to Gracie's influence, he became a member (and soon an elder) of the strict pacifist Church of Christ in Christian Union. Just as Alvin was beginning to feel he had a grip on life, his draft notice arrived. On November 15, 1917, he reported for military duty at Camp Gordon, Georgia.<BR><BR> <br />
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His last days as a civilian were a difficult ones for Alvin. The frank mountain man faced a dilemma: his religion told him not to go to war, and his patriotism told him he should. After two days and a night spent in prayer on a mountainside, York resolved to go.<BR><BR> <br />
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York arrived in the front lines in France on June 27, 1918, but his appointment with destiny came on October 8, 1918, in the Argonne forest. York, by then a Corporal, was ordered to take his squad on a surprise attack against an emplacement of German machine guns. They surprised a group of 15 - 20 Germans, including a Major, and took them prisoners without a shot. But the Major called out in German, and suddenly York's squad was under fire from a ridge less than 30 yards away. With all but two of his squad killed, York "exchanged shots" with the machine gunners. York wrote in his diary: "There were over 30 of them in continuous action and all I could do was touch the Germans off as fast as I could. I was sharpshooting. I don't think I missed a shot. It was no time to miss." Suddenly, a German Lieutenant and five soldiers jumped from a trench and charged him with fixed bayonets, York took cool aim and shot the last man first, then the man next farthest away, and so on, until all six had fallen.<BR><BR> <br />
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Finally, the German Major offered to surrender his entire command, if York would "just stop shooting." Upon return to Allied lines, it was determined that York had taken 132 prisoners. The next morning, 28 dead Germans were found at the scene of the fight: the same number of shots York said that he fired. 35 German machine guns and assorted small arms and ammunition were also captured. Returning to the scene of his "triumph," York prayed for those who had died, German and American alike. For his exploits, York was awarded The Medal of Honor, as well as the the French Croix de Guerre, the Italian Croce de Guera, and the American Distinguished Service Cross. He was also promoted to the rank of Sergeant.<BR><BR> <br />
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After the War, Sgt. York returned to his Tennessee mountains and his beloved Gracie. They married on June 7, 1919, a week and a day after Alvin's return. He determined that it was his mission in life to bring education to his native valley, and set about to raise the money to build a high school (now the Alvin C. York Technical Institute) and a Bible school. Alvin and Gracie raised 7 children. For 35 years, he hunted, he farmed, he did some blacksmithing, and he preached. In 1954, Alvin York suffered a devastating cerebral hemorrhage, and was an invalid for the last ten years of his life.<BR><BR> <br />
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Sgt. Alvin C. York died at the Veterans Hospital in Nashville on September 2, 1964, at the age of 76. He is buried in the family plot in the Wolf River Cemetary in Pall Mall, Tennessee.<br />
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[[image:YORK.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''York, Alvin C., Sergeant.''' (1887-1964). <br />
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Alvin Cullum York was born on December 13, 1887 at Pall Mall, Fentress County, Tenessee, the third of eleven children of William and Mary Brooks York. The tall, gangly red-headed lad was typical of rural American youth of the turn of the century, working hard and playing hard. Growing up in the mountains, Alvin, like most of his contemporaries, lived by his rifle. To young Alvin, the rifle was not a weapon to be used in a fight, but a tool to put meat on the table. He became an expert marksman, and won many a county turkey-shoot. His skill with the rifle was to play a major role in his fame. <BR><BR> <br />
Alvin's father died in 1911, leaving Alvin the oldest son at home to help his mother raise a large family. The young man became a hard-drinking, gambling roughneck, until he met Gracie Williams in about 1915. Due mostly to Gracie's influence, he became a member (and soon an elder) of the strict pacifist Church of Christ in Christian Union. Just as Alvin was beginning to feel he had a grip on life, his draft notice arrived. On November 15, 1917, he reported for military duty at Camp Gordon, Georgia.<BR><BR> <br />
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His last days as a civilian were a difficult ones for Alvin. The frank mountain man faced a dilemma: his religion told him not to go to war, and his patriotism told him he should. After two days and a night spent in prayer on a mountainside, York resolved to go.<BR><BR> <br />
<br />
York arrived in the front lines in France on June 27, 1918, but his appointment with destiny came on October 8, 1918, in the Argonne forest. York, by then a Corporal, was ordered to take his squad on a surprise attack against an emplacement of German machine guns. They surprised a group of 15 - 20 Germans, including a Major, and took them prisoners without a shot. But the Major called out in German, and suddenly York's squad was under fire from a ridge less than 30 yards away. With all but two of his squad killed, York "exchanged shots" with the machine gunners. York wrote in his diary: "There were over 30 of them in continuous action and all I could do was touch the Germans off as fast as I could. I was sharpshooting. I don't think I missed a shot. It was no time to miss." Suddenly, a German Lieutenant and five soldiers jumped from a trench and charged him with fixed bayonets, York took cool aim and shot the last man first, then the man next farthest away, and so on, until all six had fallen.<BR><BR> <br />
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Finally, the German Major offered to surrender his entire command, if York would "just stop shooting." Upon return to Allied lines, it was determined that York had taken 132 prisoners. The next morning, 28 dead Germans were found at the scene of the fight: the same number of shots York said that he fired. 35 German machine guns and assorted small arms and ammunition were also captured. Returning to the scene of his "triumph," York prayed for those who had died, German and American alike. For his exploits, York was awarded The Medal of Honor, as well as the the French Croix de Guerre, the Italian Croce de Guera, and the American Distinguished Service Cross. He was also promoted to the rank of Sergeant.<BR><BR> <br />
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After the War, Sgt. York returned to his Tennessee mountains and his beloved Gracie. They married on June 7, 1919, a week and a day after Alvin's return. He determined that it was his mission in life to bring education to his native valley, and set about to raise the money to build a high school (now the Alvin C. York Technical Institute) and a Bible school. Alvin and Gracie raised 7 children. For 35 years, he hunted, he farmed, he did some blacksmithing, and he preached. In 1954, Alvin York suffered a devastating cerebral hemorrhage, and was an invalid for the last ten years of his life.<BR><BR> <br />
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Sgt. Alvin C. York died at the Veterans Hospital in Nashville on September 2, 1964, at the age of 76. He is buried in the family plot in the Wolf River Cemetary in Pall Mall, Tennessee.<br />
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[[image:RUSSHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wrangel, General Pyotr Nikolaevich.''' (1878-1928). Born, St. Petersburg, Russia. <br />
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[W-Index]] > '''Woods, Harry''' </p><hr><br />
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'''Woods, Harry Private''', #3/7283 The Dorsetshire Regiment. (1892/3 - 1915) <br />
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Born Shrivenham, Berkshire, England. Harry Woods was born in Shrivenham, Berkshire and was living in Shaftesbury, Dorset, when he joined the 1st Battalion, the Dorsetshire Regiment.<br />
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There is only one contemporary reference to Harry Woods's Army career - a mention of his death, made in the diary of another soldier. On 5th July, 1915, the 1st Dorsets were holding trenches at the foot of Hill 60, near Ypres, Belgium. They had endured the fierce fighting, gas and mines of the May attacks and counter-attacks. By the beginning of July, the Germans had established themselves on the crest of the hill (nothing more than a small mound of earth) where they were to remain until the Messines action of 1917.<br />
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But Hill 60 was never quiet. Bombardments would begin, apparently without reason, last for a while and end just as unexpectedly. July 5th 1915 saw the beginning of a bombardment which lasted several hours and which included the use of a heavy trench-mortar. At the end of it, seventeen men were found to have been killed. Two bodies were found lying in a pool of water seventy yards away. Others were badly mangled. Private Woods was found in eight pieces.<br />
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All seventeen men were buried the next day in a little cemetery near to a dressing-station just off the railway-cutting, where the Dorsets had their dug-outs. When the diarist made his notes, recalling the bombardment, the deaths and the burials, he mentioned only one man - Private Woods - by name, presumably because of the horrific manner in which he died.<br />
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Because this one name was given it was possible to locate a grave and to find, with it, the graves of the other 16, buried in one row, all with the same date-of-death. Because the name of Harry Woods was known, we can know the names of the others, and we can know how they died. We can read their names in the cemetery register and learn a little of their lives from the entries there.<br />
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Of Harry Woods himself, however, there is little information. The cemetery register gives only the details given on the gravestone; number, regiment and date-of-death.<br />
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Despite having made diligent searches over some years, the present writer has been unable to learn much more about Harry Woods. There is no record of his birth at Shrivenham. There is no record of his having lived at Shaftesbury. No photographs, no letters. He appears to have had no next-of-kin to put his name forward in later years and so his name does not appear on any known war memorial "at home." His Christian name and age were taken from his Army Death Certificate which, together with his gravestone, his single-line entry in a list of soldiers died in the war and that one diary entry (unread for 70 years,) forms the only record of his life.<br />
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Today, Harry Woods represents so many of the others.<br />
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[[image:WOODWILS.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wilson, Woodrow.''' (1856-1924). President of the United States, 1912-1920. <br />
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[[image:BRITHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wilson, Field Marshal Henry Maitland, 1st Baron.''' (1881-1964). Born, London, England. <br />
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[[image:BRITHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wilson, Field Marshal Sir Henry Hughes.''' (1864-1922). Born, Edgemondsworth, County Longford, Ireland. <br />
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[W-Index]] > '''Wilhelm II''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:WILHELM2.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wilhelm II, King of Prussia and German Kaiser,''' born 27 January 1859 in Berlin, died 5 June 1941 at Doorn in The Netherlands. <br />
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Married Augusta Viktoria (1858-1921), Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein, in 1881; 7 children (6 sons; one daughter); married (second) the widow, Hermine, Princess of Reuss, (1886-1947), in 1922. <BR><BR><br />
The eldest grandchild of Queen Victoria, Wilhelm symbolized his era and the nouveaux riche aspects of the German empire. The kaiser suffered from a birth defect that left his left arm withered and useless. He overcame this handicap, but the effort to do so left its mark, and despite efforts of his parents to give him a liberal education, the prince became imbued with religious mysticism, militarism, anti-semitism, the glorification of power politics. Some have claimed that his personality displayed elements of a narcissistic personality disorder. Bombastic, vain, insensitive, and possessed with grandiose notions of divine right rule, his personality traits paralleled those of the new Germany: strong, but off balance; vain, but insecure; intelligent, but narrow; self-centered yet longing for acceptance.<BR><BR><br />
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Under the guise of training him for his future royal duties, Bismarck sought to mold Wilhelm into a conservative foil against his father's so-called liberalism. The scheme succeeded all too well but backfired when Friedrich died within four months of becoming emperor and Wilhelm proved uncontrollable. Soon after coming to the throne in 1888, Wilhelm distanced himself from his mother and dismissed Bismarck. Setting his own course, albeit a rather directionless one, he abandoned the Iron Chancellor's policy of keeping Russia and Austria-Hungary separated by allying with both. He allowed Germany's ties to Russia to lapse, a vacuum that France quickly filled. Bound now to the fate of Austria-Hungary, the real "sick man" of Europe, Wilhelm sought to break what he called Germany's encirclement. His efforts alternately amused or scared Europe. His penchant for uniforms and vainglorious pronouncements might have merely provoked derision and laughter had he headed some inconsequential nation, but Germany's army and economy dominated the Continent, and wish as they might, Europe's statesmen could not ignore him.<BR><BR><br />
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His inferiority complex and a love-hate relationship with England and his uncle (Edward VII) made him easy prey for the blandishments of Admiral Tirpitz and the Navy League. When Germany, the sole European nation with the industrial capability to rival England's naval dominance, began to construct a large, modern fleet, England's reaction was predictable. England viewed the German fleet as a mortal threat to her vital interests and she patched up her colonial differences with first France, then Russia, initiating military discussions with the French in 1906.<BR><BR><br />
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Historians still debate Germany's and Wilhelm's complicity in bringing about the war. A stronger indictment emerges from Wilhelm's hesitancy to halt the apparatus of war as it lurched towards the brink, propelled by mobilization plans and timetables. Wilhelm's last-minute anguish to General v. Moltke over the inflexibility of the Schlieffen Plan belied the fact that the Kaiser had known (and approved) the plan's contents for years. The outbreak of war did occasion one of Wilhelm's best speeches, his "Burgfrieden" (Peace of the Castle) speech in which he rallied all Germans to sublimate internal politics to the prosecution of the war. In that effort he proved a failure. As the war progressed, the professionals increasingly took charge, and Wilhelm retreated to the background. His zeal and spirit seemed to wane with Germany's military progress and, browbeaten into a number of disastrous cabinet appointments by Ludendorff, his popularity plummeted. The final blow came when his ministers and the public understood Wilson's October armistice note to mean that the Kaiser's very presence prevented peace. At the end, his generals told him his troops would march home to restore order, but not in his name. It was best, they said, that he abdicate, but while he temporized, the Majority Socialists declared a republic on the morning of 9 November 1918. After 300 years, the Hohenzollern dynasty was finished.<BR><BR><br />
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The Kaiser fled to The Netherlands on 10 November 1918. He purchased an estate at Doorn where he maintained a tiny household. Following the death of the Kaiserine in 1921, he married a widow, Princess v. Schoenaich (Hermine of Reuss) a year later. The same year he published his memoirs, absolving himself of any war guilt. Over the next two decades, he received visitors and kept abreast of events in Europe. After a brief interest in the Nazis, spurred by Hitler's manipulation of the restoration issue, the imperial couple turned against the brown shirts. Death came in 1941, and he was buried on the grounds of his estate. <br />
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[[image:BELGHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Weygand, General Maxime.''' (1867-1965). Born, Brussels, Belgium. <br />
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[[image:WEYMYSS.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wemyss, Admiral of the Fleet Rosslyn Erskine, Baron Wester Wemyss.''' (1864-1933). Born, Fife. <br />
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[[image:WEDDIGEN.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Weddigen, Otto.''' Born, September 15, 1882 Herford, Died March 18, 1915, Pentland Firth/North Sea. <br />
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Weddigen entered the Navy in 1901 and was from 1906 to 1907 stationed in Tsingtau. On September 15, 1910 he became commander of an U-boat and in October 1911 he took over the command of U9. His famous military exploit as U9's commander was the sending to the bottom of sea the British cruisers Aboukir, Cressy and Hogue (each 12.000 G.R.T.) on September 22, 1914 in the south of the North Sea, for which he was awarded the Pour le Mérite. On October 15, 1914, Weddigen's U9 destroyed the British cruiser Hawke (7.350 G.R.T.) and in February 1915 he destroyed 4 merchant ships (totalling 12.934 G.R.T.), while in command of U29. Returning from the attack on the British battle-fleet near the Orkneys, U29 was rammed by the Dreadnought and sank with the whole crew (March 18, 1915). Weddigen was one of the best known German naval heroes. <BR><BR> <br />
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See:<BR><br />
Eggstein, Rudolf, '''Seeheld Otto Weddigen dem deutschen Volke und seinem Heere dargestellt,'' Leipzig: Schloessmann, 1915.<BR><BR><br />
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Pemsel, Helmut, ''Biographisches Lexikon zur Seekriegsgeschichte. Seehelden von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart,'' Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe, 1985.<BR><BR><br />
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Unser Seeheld Weddigen. ''Sein Leben und seine Taten dem deutschen Volke erzählt,'' Berlin: Scherl, 1915.<br />
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[[image:BRITHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Wavell, Field Marshal Archibald Percival, 1st Earl.''' (1883-1950). Born, Colchester, England. <br />
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[[image:VIC-LUIS.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Victoria-Louise, Princess of Prussia''' (). Only daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. One of Count von Zeppelin's prewar airships was named after her, the ''Viktoria Luis .'' <br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[V-Index]] > '''Victoria Louise''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_III&diff=8719Victor Emmanuel III2009-07-28T22:45:22Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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<div><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[V-Index]] > '''Victor Emmanuel III''' </p><hr><br />
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[[image:VIC-EML3.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy.''' b. Naples, November 11, 1869; d. Alexandria, Egypt, December 28, 1947. King of Italy, 1900 - 1946 The only son of King Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia,<br />
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Victor Emmanuel studied history and law, and received military training that resulted in his holding positions of command from 1887. He married Elena, the daughter of Prince Nicholas of Montenegro, in October 1896, and succeeded his father on the throne following the latter's assassination in 1900. Persuaded that the reactionary efforts of the government of General Luigi Pelloux and others during his father's final years were counter-productive, Victor Emmanuel supported moderate and liberal practices until after the Great War. He backed the economic development and social/political reforms of Giovanni Giolitti, which created something of an Italian "New Deal" in the years 1900-1914. Victor Emmanuel III maintained support for Italy's membership in the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, but also agreed with the Italian rapprochement with Britain, France, and Russia -- the Triple Entente -- concerning Mediterranean affairs, which facilitated Italy's military venture in Libya against the Turks, 1911-1912. Partly because of this situation, General Alfred von Schlieffen of the German General Staff included Italian fortifications in his points along the circumference of the "encirclement" of Germany in the years before the war.<BR><BR><br />
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Although many Italian aristocrats and churchmen displayed pro-Austrian sentiments upon the outbreak of hostilities, the King understood the need for neutrality early in the conflict; and, like Sydney Sonnino, Victor Emmanuel came to support pro- Entente intervention. During a severe crisis for the Salandra-Sonnino government in May 1915, the King backed the interventionists, signed the declaration of war against Austria-Hungary, and left for the front as soon as hostilities began.<BR><BR><br />
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In the wake of the breakthrough at Caporetto and the ensuing crisis of October-November 1917, Victor Emmanuel displayed calm and exercised decisive leadership. When French Marshal Ferdinand Foch reported the virtual lack of a high command under Italian General Luigi Cadorna, the King replaced the latter with General Armando Diaz. Victor Emmanuel then persuaded the other Allied leaders that Italy could hold the enemy at the Piave River, and he exhorted the nation and the army to rally for the defense of the Piave line. The nation, including most Socialists and other anti-war groups, came to the aid of their country during the crisis, and the Italians held.<BR><BR><br />
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The king's behavior in the years following World War I lacked the character with which he acted during the war. He refused to approve Premier Luigi Facta's emergency decree against the Fascist March on Rome in 1922 and permitted Benito Mussolini to form the first fascist-led government, although the Fascists had elected only 35 members of parliament. Subsequently, his occasional complaints against Mussolini aside, Victor Emmanuel supported the Fascist dictatorship in virtually every major crisis until the Allied invasion of 1943, a course of behavior which cost him his throne in May 1946 and which facilitated Italy's abolition of the monarchy shortly thereafter.<BR><BR><br />
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Further reading:<BR><BR><br />
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Silvio Bertoldi, Vittorio Emanuele III. Turin: UTFT, 1971.<BR><br />
H. James Burgwyn, The Legend of the Mutilated Victory: Italy, the Great War, <br />
and the Paris Peace Conference, 1915-1919. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.<BR><BR><br />
Paolo Puntoni, Parla Vittorio Emanuele III. Milan: Aldo Palazzi, 1958. <br />
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[[Image:ENDMARK.GIF]] <I>Jim Young</I><br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[V-Index]] > '''Victor Emmanuel III''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Venizelos&diff=8718Venizelos2009-07-28T22:44:22Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:VENIZLOS.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Venizelos, Eleutherios.''' (1864-1936). Born, Mournies, Crete. Prime Minister of Greece, October 1910 -1920. <br />
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[[image:VAJIRAVU.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Vajiravudh, King of Siam.''' <br />
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Vajiravudh, an absolute monarch, he ruled and reigned from 1910 until 1925. He was one of the sons of King Chulalongkorn, the modernizing Siamese monarch introduced to non-Thai specialists in Rogers and Hammerstein’s ''The King and I.''<BR><BR><br />
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He was educated in Siam at Bangkok and in Great Britain at Oxford and Sandhurst. Early in his rule, he formed a paramilitary organization, the White Tiger Corps, to build popular support for himself. Like his father, he, too, was a Westernizer, decreeing all Siamese take surnames, supporting compulsory primary education and unsuccessfully promoting adoption of Western clothing and hair dressing styles by Siamese women. After Siam’s successful participation in the war against the Central Powers, he and his foreign minister, Devawongse, renegotiated Siam’s unequal treaties with the imperialist powers in the 1920s. These renegotiated treaties restored Siamese fiscal and judicial autonomy, abolishing extraterritoriality.<br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[V-Index]] > '''Vajiravudh''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Valera&diff=8716Valera2009-07-28T22:42:24Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:SINFHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Valera, Eamon de.''' (1882-1975). President, Sinn Fein, 1917.<br />
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[[image:SINFHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Valera, Eamon de.''' (1882-1975). President, Sinn Fein, 1917.<br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > '''U-Index''' </p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Tukhachevsky&diff=8710Tukhachevsky2009-07-28T22:33:55Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:TURKHACHEVSKY.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Tukhachevsky, General Mikhail Nikolaevich.''' (1893-1937). Born, Smolensk. <br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[T-Index]] > '''Tukhachevsky'''</p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Turati&diff=8709Turati2009-07-28T22:32:58Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:TURATI.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Turati, Filippo.''' (1857-1932). <br />
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Filippo Turati, born Canzo, November 25, 1857; died, Paris, March 29, 1932, was the dean of the Italian socialist parliamentary delegation during the war.<BR><BR><br />
Educated as a lawyer and involved in the Italian literary scene, Turati had turned to politics in the 1880s and became the chief force behind the founding of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) in 1892. Turati favored a gradual approach to socialism and so formed coalitions with other democratic parties and opposed authoritarians of both the Left and the Right. Turati founded the journal Critica Sociale in 1891, and entered into a lifelong collaboration and romantic relationship with Anna Kuliscioff in 1895.<BR><BR> <br />
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Turati's activities in opposition to the would-be dictators led to his imprisonment in 1898 on the charge that he fomented civil disorder; but, the PSI -- in adhering to his strategy of democratic coalition -- played a leading role in frustrating the attempts of the government of General Luigi Pelloux to pass legislation facilitating a dictatorship. With the fall of Pelloux in 1900, Turati was released from prison and led the PSI in support of a Liberal government in 1901. Although Turati was compelled by internal PSI politics to decline a cabinet post in 1903, his policies earned increasing respect and popularity for the PSI and won a "hands-off" posture on the part of subsequent Liberal governments toward Italian labor disputes.<BR><BR> <br />
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Turati's coalition strategy received a severe setback within the PSI following the outbreak of the Tripolitan War with the Turks in 1911. Although Turati had opposed the war, some other "reformist" Socialists supported the venture and were expelled from the party in 1912 when the "revolutionary" faction -- led largely by Benito Mussolini -- seized control. Subsequently, Turati's influence, while still considerable, was reduced within the PSI.<BR><BR> <br />
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With the outbreak of hostilities in 1914, Turati and the PSI again assumed an anti-war stance, as did the Liberals under Giovanni Giolitti who had led the war effort in 1911. This combination, in addition to the neutralism of the Vatican, helped to ensure that Italy would not enter the war on the side of its German and Austro-Hungarian allies. When the rightist government of Antonio Salandra shifted in 1915 toward pro-Entente intervention, Turati and almost all other Socialists continued their anti-war posture, although Mussolini and a few others who now favored war had been expelled from the PSI late in 1914.<BR><BR> <br />
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When Italy entered the conflict in May 1915, Turati and PSI leader Giacinto Serrati developed the position of "neither support nor sabotage" of the war effort. In effect, this allowed pro-war Socialists to support the military effort -- future Communist leader Palmiro Togliatti enlisted in the Army -- while the party maintained its anti-war integrity and participated actively in the Zimmerwald Conference of anti-war Socialists and other similar events.<BR><BR> <br />
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Only after the Italian military disaster of Caporetto in October-November 1917 did Turati sanction the war effort openly and strongly. The new regime of V. E. Orlando also won the Socialists' implicit support.<BR><BR> <br />
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In the postwar upheaval, Turati continued to oppose both revolutionary Socialists and (Fascist) counter-revolutionists. When he took part in an attempt to form a viable anti- Fascist government in 1922, Turati was expelled from the PSI. He then organized the Unitary Socialist Party, which included the later-martyred Giacomo Matteotti as party secretary. After escaping Italy in 1926, Turati remained instrumental in sustaining the anti-Fascist resistance and in re-uniting the two socialist parties in 1930.<BR><BR> <br />
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References:<BR> <br />
Filippo Turati: ''La vie maestre del socialismo,'' ed. Rodolfo Mondolfo and Gaetano Arfe (2nd ed.; Naples: Morano Editore, 1966).<BR><BR><br />
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Franco Catalano, ''Filippo Turati'' (Milan: Avanti!, 1957).<BR><BR><br />
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Alessandro Schiavi, ed., ''Discorsi parlamentari di Filippo Turati,'' 3 vols. (Rome: Typografica della Camera dei deputati, 1950). <br />
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[[image:BRITHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Troubridge, Admiral Sir Ernest Charles Thomas.''' (1862-1926). <br />
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[[image:SOVHOLD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Trotsky, Leon (né, Lev Davidovich Bronstein).''' (1879-1940). Born, Elizavetgrad. <br />
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[[image:TRENCHRD.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Trenchard, Air Marshal Hugh Montague, 1st Viscount.''' (1873-1956). Born, Taunton, Somerset, England. <br />
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<BLOCKQUOTE> Nicknamed "Boom" because of his commanding voice. Trenchard was responsible for the change in British air strategy from defensive to offensive. "The sky is too large to defend." <br />
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[[image:TOWNSHND.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Townshend, General Sir Charles Vere Ferrers.''' (1861-1924) <br />
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[[image:TIRPITZ.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''von Tirpitz, Grand Admiral Alfred.''' (1849-1930). Born, Kustrin, Brandenburg. <br />
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The administrative creator of Germany's modern navy, often called "Tirpitz the Eternal" because, while others went out of office, he never did. In fact, his staying power transcended royal blood. When Kaiser Wilhelm II's brother Heinrich, who was then Commander in Chief of the Navy, disapproved of Tirptiz' plans, it was Heinrich who was 'kicked upstairs' to be placed out of Tirptiz' way.<BR><BR> <br />
In a book of memoirs, published in July, 1919, Tirpitz accused Bethmann-Hollweg of precipitating the war through a policy of 'playing the game single-handed.'<br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[T-Index]] > '''Tirpitz'''</p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Thomas&diff=8703Thomas2009-07-28T22:26:25Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:THOMAS-A.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Thomas, Albert.''' (1878-1932). Born Champigny-sur-Marne, near Paris. <br />
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Son of a baker and with intellectual gifts that took him to the prestigious École normale superieure, Albert Thomas became a socialist and acted as sub-editor on L'Humanité of Jean Jaurès. He was elected as socialist deputy for his native town in 1910 and fought against the imposition of extended military service represented by the Three Years' Law. After a few weeks spent with his regiment in 1914, Thomas was recalled to serve in Viviani's government of union sacree, along with two other socialists. He took responsibility for the production of munitions, presumably because socialists were thought to know about factories. Also, parliament wished to restrict the powers of the War Minsiter, Alexandre Millerand, (who was seen as too compliant vis-a-vis the military and the commander-in-chief, General Joffre); and hiving off an important part of his ministry to a left-winger was a way of achieving this aim. In this capacity he worked closely with his British colleague, Lloyd George. The trio of Thomas, Lloyd George and their interpreter, Sorbonne professor Paul Mantoux, constituted one of the few early success stories in allied cooperation.<BR><BR><br />
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Thomas was promoted to cabinet in May 1915 when his position was upgraded to Under-Secretary of State for Armaments within the War Ministry. The vital importance of munitions production was recognised by the further promotion to Minister for Munitions at the end of 1916. Thomas retained his post in the Ribot government of 1917, but was replaced by his deputy, Louis Loucheur, in Painlevé's government which took office in September of that year. The socialists were unwilling to have Thomas continue in government. Earlier that year he had been sent as special ambassador to Russia and was instrumental in persuading Kerensky to undertake his offensive, the failure of which hastened the Bolshevik Revolution.<BR><BR><br />
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The role of Albert Thomas in the industrial mobilisation of France was highly important. He increased the labour force by giving employment to women and to foreign and colonial workers. He protected their rates of pay and tried to prevent the loss of skilled workers to the armies. He welcomed greater state intervention in industrial concerns, in order to increase output and keep prices within acceptable limits. Nonetheless, his acceptance of the overriding importance of maintaining supplies of good quality munitions and artillery pieces meant that he was in effect working as a capitalist within the industrial-military complex, despite his socialist affiliations. He achieved a great success in bettering the French output of munitions, despite the loss of France's industrial capacity in the occupied departements, but at the cost of tolerating the erosion of social legislation (for example, he removed limitations on the hours workers could work) in the interests of greater productivity. This was a contradiction which cost him the support of his party and, ultimately, his cabinet position.<BR><BR><br />
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Postwar, he returned to parliament as deputy for Jaurès' old seat and was elected Director of the International Labour Bureau. Pressure of work forced his resignation as deputy, but he remained a member of the French Socialist Party. <br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[T-Index]] > '''Thomas'''</p><hr></div>Bkimberlhttps://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=Thaon_di_Revel&diff=8702Thaon di Revel2009-07-28T22:25:26Z<p>Bkimberl: </p>
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[[image:THAONR.GIF]][[image:SPACER.GIF]]'''Thaon di Revel, Admiral Paolo.''' (1859-1948). Born, Turin. <br />
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<p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive ]] > [[WWI_Biographical_Dictionary|Alphabetical Index of WWI Biographies]] > [[T-Index]] > '''Thaon di Revel'''</p><hr></div>Bkimberl