View source for Section I, Articles 1 - 260

<p align="right">
[[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive]] > [[Conventions and Treaties ]] > [[Peace Treaty of Sèvres]] > '''Section I, Articles 1 - 260'''
</p><hr>

<h1>The Treaty of S&egrave;vres, 1920</h1>
<h4>(from: <i>The Treaties of Peace 1919-1923, Vol. II</i>, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1924.)</h4>
Section I, Articles 1-260
<hr>

Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/1/14/TreatyOfSevresMapOfTurkey.gif Map of Turkey,] illustrating the Treaty of Sevres region.<br>
Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/2/23/Treaty_of_Sevres%2C_Zone_of_the_Straits.gif detailed Map] of Western Turkey, showing the Zone of the Straits.<br>
Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/2/22/Treaty_of_Sevres_President_Wilson_Armenian_Boundary.gif detailed Map] of Eastern Turkey, showing the extent of Turkish Armenia according to President Wilson's boundary decision.<br>
(Compiled by Lt.-Col. Lawrence Martin, Geographer of the Institute of Politics)
<hr>

<h2><b>THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS <BR>
AND TURKEY<BR>
SIGNED AT S&Egrave;VRES<BR>
AUGUST 10, 1920</b><br><br>
</h2>
THE BRITISH EMPIRE, FRANCE, ITALY AND JAPAN,<br><br>

These Powers being described in the present Treaty as the
Principal Allied Powers;<br><br>

ARMENIA, BELGIUM, GREECE, THE HEDJAZ, POLAND, PORTUGAL, ROUMANIA, THE SERB-CROAT-SLOVENE STATE AND CZECHO-SLOVAKIA,<br><br>

These Powers constituting, with the Principal Powers mentioned above, the Allied Powers,
of the one part;<br><br>

AND TURKEY,<br><br>

of the other part;<br><br>
                      
Whereas on the request of the Imperial Ottoman Government
an Armistice was granted to Turkey on October 30, 1918, by the
Principal Allied Powers in order that a Treaty of Peace might be
concluded, and<br><br>

Whereas the Allied Powers are equally desirous that the war in
which certain among them were successively involved, directly or
indirectly, against Turkey, and which originated in the declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, I914, by the former Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, and in the
hostilities opened by Turkey against the Allied Powers on October 29, 1914, and conducted by Germany in alliance with Turkey,
should be replaced by a firm, just and durable Peace,<br><br>

For this purpose the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:<br><br>

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT
BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS
BEYOND TIIE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA:<br>

Sir George Dixon GRAHAME, K. C. V. O., Minister Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty at Paris;<br><br>
         
for the DOMINION of CANADA:<br>

The Honourable Sir George Halsey PERLEY, K.C. M. G<br>
   
High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom;<br><br>
    
for the COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA:<br>

The Right Honourable Andrew FISHER, High Commissioner for Australia in the United Kingdom;<br><br>
    
for the DOMINION of NEW ZEALAND:<br>

Sir George Dixon GRAHAME, K. C. V. O., Minister Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty at Paris;<br><br>
    
for the UNION of SOUTH AFRICA:<br>

Mr. Reginald Andrew BLANKENBERG, O. B. E., Acting
High Commissioner for the Union of South Africa in the
United Kingdom;<br><br>
    
for INDIA:<br>

Sir Arthur HIRTZEL, K. C. B., Assistant Under Secretary
of State for India;<br><br>
    
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC:<br>

Mr. Alexandre MILLERAND, President of the Council,
Minister for Foreign Affairs<br>
    
Mr. Frederic FRAN&Ccedil;OIS-MARSAL, Minister of Finance<br>
   
Mr. Auguste Paul-Louis ISAAC, Minister of Commerce and
Industry;<br>
    
Mr. Jules CAMBON, Ambassador of France<br>
   
Mr. Georges Maurice PAL&Eacute;OLOGUE, Ambassador of France,
Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;<br><br>
    
Hls MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY:<br>

Count LELIO BONIN LONGARE, Senator of the Kingdom<br><br>
   
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the King of Italy at Paris<br>
    
General Giovanni MARIETTI, Italian Military Representative on the Supreme War Council;<br><br>
    
Hls MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN:<br>

Viscount CHINDA, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor of Japan at London;<br>
                                                      
Mr. K. MATSUI, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor of Japan at Paris;<br><br>
                                                  

ARMENIA:<br>
                                              
Mr. Avetis AHARONIAN, President of the Delegation of the
Armenian Republic;<br><br>
                                                  
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS:<br>
                                              
Mr. Jules VAN DEN HEUVEL, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, Minister of State;<br>
                                                   
Mr. ROLIN JAEQUEMYNS, Member of the Institute of
Private International Law, Secretary-General of the
Belgian Delegation;<br><br>
                                                   
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HELLENES:<br>
                                              
Mr. Eleftherios K. VENIZELOS, President of the Council
of Ministers;<br>
                                                   
Mr. Athos ROMANOS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of the Hellenes at
Paris;<br><br>
                                                   
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ:<br><br>
                                              
THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUBLIC:<br>
                                              
Count Maurice ZAMOYSKI, Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary of the Polish Republic at Paris;<br>
                                                   
Mr. Erasme PILTZ;<br><br>
                                                  
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC:<br>
                                               
Dr. Affonso da COSTA, formerly President of the Council of
Ministers;<br><br>
                                                   
His MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA:<br>
Mr. Nicolae TITULESCU, Minister of Finance;<br><br>

Prince DIMITRIE GHIKA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of Roumania at
Paris;<br><br>
                                                  
Hls MAJESTY THE KING OF THE SERBS, THE CROATS AND THE
SLOVENES:<br><br>
                                                              


Mr. Nicolas P. PACHITCH, formerly President of the
Council of Ministers;<br>
    
Mr. Ante TRUMBIC, Minister for Foreign Affairs;<br><br>
   
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC:<br>

Mr. Edward BENES, Minister for Foreign Affairs;<br>
   
Mr. Stephen OSUSKY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of the Czecho-Slovak Republic at
London;<br><br>
    
TURKEY:<br>

General HAADI Pasha, Senator;<br>
   
RIZA TEVFIK Bey, Senator;<br>
   
RECHAD HALISS Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Turkey at Berne;
    
WHO, having communicated their full powers, found in good
and due form, have AGREED AS FOLLOWS:<br><br>

From the coming into force of the present Treaty the state of
war will terminate.<br><br>

From that moment and subject to the provisions of the
present Treaty, officiai relations will exist between the Allied
Powers and Turkey.<br><br>

PART I.<br>

THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.<br>

ARTICLES 1 TO 26 AND ANNEX<br>

See Part I, Treaty of Versailles, Pages 10-23.
<hr>
            
PART II.<br>

FRONTIERS OF TURKEY.<br>

ARTICLE 27.<br><br>

I. In Europe, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as
follows:<br>

1. The Black Sea:
from the entrance of the Bosphorus to the point described below.<br><br>

2. With Greece:<br>
 
From a point to be chosen on the Black Sea near the mouth of
the Biyuk Dere, situated about 7 kilometres north-west of Podima, south-westwards to the most north-westerly point of the
limit of the basin of the Istranja Dere (about 8 kilometres northwest of Istranja),
a line to be fixed on the ground passing through Kapilja Dagh
and Uchbunar Tepe;<br>
thence south-south-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the
railway from Chorlu to Chatalja about 1 kilometre west of the
railway station of Sinekli,
a line following as far as possible the western limit of the basin
of the Istranja Dere;<br>
thence south-eastwards to a point to be chosen between Fener
and Kurfali on the watershed between the basins of those rivers
which flow into Biyuk Chekmeje Geul, on the north-east, and the
basin of those rivers which flow direct into the Sea of Marmora on
the south-west,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing south of Sinekli;<br>
thence south-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the Sea of
Marmora about 1 kilometre south-west of Kalikratia,
a line following as far as possible this watershed.<br><br>

3. The Sea of Marmora:<br>
from the point defined above to the entrance of the Bosphorus.<br><br>

II. In Asia, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as follows:<br>
1. On the West and South:<br>
From the entrance of the Bosphorus into the Sea of Marmora
to a point described below, situated in the eastern Mediterranean
Sea in the neighbourhood of the Gulf of Alexandretta near
Karatash Burun
the Sea of Marmora, the Dardanelles, and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; the islands of the Sea of Marmora, and those which
are situated within a distance of 3 miles from the coast, remaining
Turkish, subject to the provisions of Section IV and Articles 84
and 122, Part III (Political Clauses).<br><br>
                                              
2. With Syria:<br>
From a point to be chosen on the eastern bank of the outlet of
the Hassan Dede, about 3 kilometres north-west of Karatash Bu-
run, north-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the Djaihun Irmak about 1 kilometre north of Babeli,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Karatash;
thence to Kesik Kale,
the course of the Djaihun Irmak upstream;<br>
thence north-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the Djaihun
Irmak about 15 kilometres east-southeast of Karsbazar,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Kara Tepe;<br>
thence to the bend in the Djaihun Irmak situated west of Duldul Dagh,
the course of the Djaihun Irmak upstream;<br>
thence in a general south-easterly direction to a point to be
chosen on Emir Musi Dagh about 15 kilometres south-south-west
of Giaour Geul
a line to be fixed on the ground at a distance of about 18 kilometres from the railway, and leaving Duldul Dagh to Syria;<br>
thence eastwards to a point to be chosen about 5 kilometres
north of Urfa
a generally straight line from west to east to be hxed on the
ground passing north of the roads connecting the towns of Bagh-
che, Aintab, Biridjik, and Urfa and leaving the last three named
towns to Syria;<br>
thence eastwards to the south-western extremity of the bend
in the Tigris about 6 kilometres north of Azekh (27 kilometres
west of Djezire-ibn-Omar),
a generally straight line from west to east to be fixed on the
ground leaving the town of Mardin to Syria;<br>
thence to a point to be chosen on the Tigris between the point
of confluence of the Khabur Su with the Tigris and the bend in
the Tigris situated about 10 kilometres north of this point,<br>

the course of the Tigris downstream, leaving the island on
which is situated the town of Djezire-ibn-Omar to Syria.<br><br>

3. With Mesopotamia:<br>
 
Thence in a general easterly direction to a point to be chosen
on the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground;<br>
 
thence eastwards to the point where it meets the frontier between Turkey and Persia,<br>

the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul, modified, however, so as to pass south of Amadia.<br><br>

4. On the East and the North East:<br>

From the point above defined to the Black Sea, the existing
frontier between Turkey and Persia, then the former frontier
between Turkey and Russia, subject to the provisions of Article
89.<br><br>

5. The Black Sea.<br>
 
ARTICLE 28.<br><br>
             
The frontiers described by the present Treaty are traced on
the one in a million maps attached to the present Treaty. In
case of differences between the text and the map, the text will
prevail. [See Introduction.]<br><br>

ARTICLE 29.<br><br>
             
Boundary Commissions, whose composition is or will be fixed
in the present Treaty or in Treaties supplementary thereto, will
have to trace these frontiers on the ground.<br><br>

They shall have the power, not only of fixing those portions
which are defined as "a line to be fixed on the ground," but also,
if the Commission considers it necessary, of revising in matters of
detail portions defined by administrative boundaries or otherwise.
They shall endeavour in all cases to follow as nearly as possible
the descriptions given in the Treaties, taking into account, as far
as possible, administrative boundaries and local economic interests.<br><br>

The decisions of the Commissions will be taken by a majority,
and shall be binding on the parties concerned.<br><br>

The expenses of the Boundary Commissions will be borne in
equal shares by the parties concerned.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 30.<br><br>
                                                           
In so far as frontiers defined by a waterway are concerned, the
phrases "course" or "channel" used in the descriptions of the
present Treaty signify, as regards non-navigable rivers, the
median line of the waterway or of its principal branch, and, as
regards navigable rivers, the median line of the principal channel
of navigation. It will rest with the Boundary Commissions provided for by the present Treaty to specify whether the frontier
line shall follow any changes of the course or channel which may
take place, or whether it shall be definitely fixed by the position of
the course or channel at the time when the present Treaty comes
into force.<br><br>
                                              
In the absence of provisions to the contrary in the present
Treaty, islands and islets Iying within three miles of the coast are
included within the frontier of the coastal State.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 31.<br><br>
                                                            
The various States concerned undertake to furnish to the
Commissions all documents necessary for their tasks, especially
authentic copies of agreements fixing existing or old frontiers, all
large scale maps in existence, geodetic data, surveys completed
but unpublished, and information concerning the changes of frontier watercourses. The maps, geodetic data, and surveys, even if
unpublished, which are in the possession of the Turkish authorities must be delivered at Constantinople, within thirty days from
the coming into force of the present Treaty, to such representative
of the Commissions concerned as may be appointed by the
principal Allied Powers.<br><br>
                                              
The States concerned also undertake to instruct the local
authorities to communicate to the Commissions all documents,
especially plans, cadastral and land books, and to furnish on
demand all details regarding property, existing economic conditions, and other necessary information.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 32.<br><br>
                                                            
The various States interested undertake to give every assistance to the Boundary Commissions, whether directly or through local authorities, in everything that concerns transport, accommodation, labour, materials (sign-posts, boundary pillars) necessary for the accomplishment of their mission.<br><br>

In particular the Turkish Government undertakes to furnish
to the Principal Allied Powers such technical personnel as they
may consider necessary to assist the Boundary Commissions in
the accomplishment of their mission.<br><br>

ARTICLE 33.<br><br>
             
The various States interested undertake to safeguard the
trigonometrical points, signals, posts or frontier marks erected
by the Commissions.<br><br>

ARTICLE 34<br><br>
             
The pillars will be placed so as to be intervisible; they will be
numbered, and their position and their number will be noted on a
cartographic document.<br><br>

ARTICLE 35.<br><br>
             
The protocols defining the boundary and the maps and documents attached thereto will be made out in triplicate, of which
two copies will be forwarded to the Governments of the limitrophe
States, and the third to the Government of the French Republic,
which will deliver authentic copies to the Powers who sign the
present Treaty.<br><br>


PART III.<br><br>
POLITICAL CLAUSES.<br>
SECTION I.<br>
CONSTANTINOPLE.<br>
ARTICLE 36.<br><br>
         
Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, the High Contracting Parties agree that the rights and title of the Turkish
Government over Constantinople shall not be affected, and that
the said Government and His Majesty the Sultan shall be entitled
to reside there and to maintain there the capital of the Turkish
State.
<br><br>

Nevertheless, in the event of Turkey failing to observe faithfully the provisions of the present Treaty, or of any treaties or
conventions supplementary thereto, particularly as regards the
protection of the rights of racial, religious or linguistic minorities,
the Allied Powers expressly reserve the right to modify the above
provisions, and Turkey hereby agrees to accept any dispositions
which may be taken in this connection.<br><br>

SECTION I I .<br><br>
STRAITS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 37.<br><br>
             
The navigation of the Straits, including the Dardanelles, the
Sea of Marmora and the Bosphorus, shall in future be open, both
in peace and war, to every vessel of commerce or of war and to
military and commercial aircraft, without distinction of flag.<br><br>

These waters shall not be subject to blockade, nor shall any
belligerent right be exercised nor any act of hostility be committed within them, unless in pursuance of a decision of the
Council of the League of Nations.<br><br>

ARTICLE 33.<br><br>
             
The Turkish Government recognises that it is necessary to
take further measures to ensure the freedom of navigation provided for in Article 37, and accordingly delegates, so far as it is
concerned, to a Commission to be called the "Commission of the
Straits," and hereinafter referred to as 'the Commission," the
control of the waters specified in Article 39.<br><br>

The Greek Government, so far as it is concerned, delegates to
the Commission the same powers and undertakes to give it in all
respects the same facilities.<br><br>

Such control shall be exercised in the name of the Turkish and
Greek Governments respectively, and in the manner provided in
this Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 39.<br><br>
             
The authority of the Commission will extend to all the waters
between the Mediterranean mouth of the Dardanelles and the
Black Sea mouth of the Bosphorus, and to the waters within
three miles of each of these mouths.<br><br>

This authority may be exercised on shore to such extent as may
be necessary for the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 40.<br><br>
             
The Commission shall be composed of representatives appointed respectively by the United States of America (if and when
that Government is willing to participate), the British Empire,
France, Italy, Japan, Russia (if and when Russia becomes a member of the League of Nations), Greece, Roumania, and Bulgaria
and Turkey (if and when the two latter States become members
of the League of Nations). Each Power shall appoint one representative. The representatives of the United States of America,
the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan and Russia shall each
have two votes. The representatives of Greece, Roumania, and
Bulgaria and Turkey shall each have one vote. Each Commissioner shall be removable only by the Government which appointed him.<br><br>

ARTICLE 41.<br><br>
             
The Commissioners shall enjoy, within the limits specified in
Article 39, diplomatic privileges and immunities.<br><br>

ARTICLE 42.<br><br>
             
The Commission will exercise the powers conferred on it by
the present Treaty in complete independence of the local author
ity. It will have its own flag, its own budget and its separate
organisation.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 43.<br><br>
                                                           
Within the limits of its jurisdiction as laid down in Article 39
the Commission will be charged with the following duties:<br><br>
                                             
(a) the execution of any works considered necessary for the
improvement of the channels or the approaches to harbours;<br>
                                             
(b) the lighting and buoying of the channels;<br>
                                               
(c) the control of pilotage and towage;<br>
                                               
(d) the control of anchorages;<br>
                                               
(e) the control necessary to assure the application in the ports

of Constantinople and Haidar Pasha of the regime prescribed in
Articles 335 to 344, Part XI (Ports, Waterways and Railways) of
the present Treaty;<br>
                                             
(f) the control of all matters relating to wrecks and salvage;<br>
                                               
(g) the control of lighterage;<br><br>
                                               
ARTICLE 44.<br><br>
                                                           
In the event of the Commission finding that the liberty of
passage is being interfered with, it will inform the representatives
at Constantinople of the Allied Powers providing the occupying
forces provided for in Article 178. These representatives will thereupon concert with the naval and military commanders of
the said forces such measures as may be deemed necessary to preserve the freedom of the Straits. Similar action shall be taken
by the said representatives in the event of any external action
threatening the liberty of passage of the Straits.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 45.<br><br>
                                                           
For the purpose of the acquisition of any property or the
execution of any permanent works which may be required, the
Commission shall be entitled to raise such loans as it may consider necessary. These loans will be secured, so far as possible, on
the dues to be levied on the shipping using the Straits, as provided in Article 53.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 46.<br><br>
                                                           
The functions previously exercised by the Constantinople
Superior Council of Health and the Turkish Sanitary Administration which was directed by the said Council, and the functions exercised by the National Life-boat Service of the Bosphorus
will within the limits specified in Article 39 be discharged under
the control of the Commission and in such manner as it may
direct.<br><br>

The Commission will co-operate in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing
and combating disease.<br><br>

ARTICLE 47.<br><br>
             
Subject to the general powers of control conferred upon the
Commission, the rights of any persons or companies now holding
concessions relating to lighthouses, docks, quays or similar
matters shall be maintained; but the Commission shall be entitled if it thinks it necessary in the general interest to buy out or
modify such rights upon the conditions laid down in Article 311
Part IX (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty, or itself to
take up a new concession.<br><br>

ARTICLE 48.<br><br>
             
In order to facilitate the execution of the duties with which it
is entrusted by this Section, the Commission shall have power to
organise such a force of special police as may be necessary. This
force shall be drawn so far as possible from the native population
of the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178,
Part V (Military, Naval and Air Clauses), excluding the islands
of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene. The
said force shall be commanded by foreign police officers appointed
by the Commission.<br><br>

ARTICLE 49.<br><br>
             
In the portion of the zone of the Straits, including the islands
of the Sea of Marmora, which remains Turkish, and pending the
coming into force of the reform of the Turkish judicial system
provided for in Article I36, all infringements of the regulations
and by-laws made by the Commission, committed by nationals
of capitulatory Powers, shall be dealt with by the Consular Courts
of the said Powers. The Allied Powers agree to make such infringements justiciable before their Consular Courts or authorities. Infringements committed by Turkish nationals or nationals of non-capitulatory Powers shall be dealt with by the
competent Turkish judicial authorities.<br><br>

In the portion of the said zone placed under Greek sovereignty
such infringements will be dealt with by the competent Greek
judicial authorities.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 50.<br><br>
                                                           
The officers or members of the crew of any merchant vessel
vwithin the limits of the jurisdiction of the Commission who may
be arrested on shore for any offence committed either ashore or
afloat within the limits of the said jurisdiction shall be brought
before the competent judicial authority by the Commission's
police. If the accused was arrested otherwise than by the Commission's police he shall immediately be handed over to them.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 51 .<br><br>
                                                           
The Commission shall appoint such subordinate officers or
officials as may be found indispensable to assist it in carrying
out the duties with which it is charged.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 52.<br><br>
                                                           
In all matters relating to the navigation of the waters within
the limits of the jurisdiction of the Commission all the ships
referred to in Article 37 shall be treated upon a footing of absolute
equality.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 53.<br><br>
                                                           
Subject to the provisions of Article 47 the existing rights under
which dues and charges can be levied for various purposes,
whether direct by the Turkish Government or by international
bodies or private companies, on ships or cargoes within the limits
of the jurisdiction of the Commission shall be transferred to the
Commisssion The Commission shall fix these dues and charges
at such amounts only as may be reasonably necessary to cover
the cost of the works executed and the services rendered to
shipping, including the general costs and expenses of the administration of the Commission, and the salaries and pay provided
for in paragraph 3 of the Annex to this Section.<br><br>
                                              
For these purposes only and with the prior consent of the
Council of the League of Nations the Commission may also
establish dues and charges other than those now existing and
fix their amounts.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 54.<br><br>
             
All dues and charges imposed by the Commission shall be
levied without any discrimination and on a footing of absolute
equality between all vessels, whatever their port of origin, destination or departure, their flag or ownership, or the nationality or
ownership of their cargoes.<br><br>

This disposition does not affect the right of the Commission
to fix in accordance with tonnage the dues provided for by this
Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 55.<br><br>
             
The Turkish and Greek Governments respectively undertake
to facilitate the acquisition by the Commission of such land and
buildings as the Commission shall consider it necessary to acquire
in order to carry out effectively the duties with which it is
entrusted.<br><br>

ARTICLE 56.<br><br>
             
Ships of war in transit through the waters specified in Article
39 shall conform in all respects to the regulations issued by the
Commission for the observance of the ordinary rules of navigation and of sanitary requirements.<br><br>

ARTICLE 57.<br><br>
             
(1) Belligerent warships shall not revictual nor take in stores
except so far as may be strictly necessary to enable them to complete the passage of the Straits and to reach the nearest port
where they can call, nor shall they replenish or increase their
supplies of war material or their armament or complete their
crews, within the waters under the control of the Commission.
Only such repairs as are absolutely necessary to render them
seaworthy shall be carried out, and they shall not add in any
manner whatever to their fighting force. The Commission shall
decide what repairs are necessary, and these must be carried
out with the least possible delay.<br><br>

(2) The passage of belligerent warships through the waters
under the control of the Commission shall be effected with the
least possible delay, and without any other interruption than
that resulting from the necessities of the service.<br><br>

(3) The stay of such warships at ports within the jurisdiction
of the Commission shall not exceed twenty-four hours except in
case of distress. In such case they shall be bound to leave as soon 
as possible. An interval of at least twenty-four hours shall
always elapse between the sailing of a belligerent ship from the
waters under the control of the Commission and the departure
of a ship belonging to an opposing belligerent.<br><br>
                                             
(4) Any further regulations affecting in time of war the waters
under the control of the Commission, and relating in particular
to the passage of war material and contraband destined for the
enemies of Turkey, or revictualling, taking in stores or carrying
out repairs in the said waters, will be laid down by the League
of Nations.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 58.<br><br>
                                                           
Prizes shall in all respects be subjected to the same conditions
as belligerent vessels of war.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 59.<br><br>
                                                           
No belligerent shall embark or disembark troops, munitions of
war or warlike materials in the waters under the control of the
Commission, except in case of accidental hindrance of the passage, and in such cases the passage shall be resumed with all
possible despatch.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 60.<br><br>
                                                           
Nothing in Articles 57, 58 or 59 shall be deemed to limit the
powers of a belligerent or belligerents acting in pursuance of a
decision by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 61.<br><br>
                                                           
Any differences which may arise between the Powers as to the
interpretation or execution of the provisions of this Section, and
as regards Constantinople and Haidar Pasha of the provisions
of Articles 335 to 344, Part Xl (Ports, Waterways, and Railways) shall be referred to the Commission. In the event of the
decision of the Commission not being accepted by any Power,
the question shall, on the demand of any Power concerned, be
settled as provided by the League of Nations, pending whose
decision the ruling of the Commission will be carried out.<br><br>

ANNEX<br><br>

1.<br><br>              

The Chairmanship of the Commission of the Straits shall be
rotatory for the period of two years among the members of the
Commission entitled to two votes.<br><br>

The Commission shall take decisions by a majority vote
and the Chairman shall have a casting vote. Abstention shall
be regarded as a vote against the proposal under discussion.<br><br>

Each of the Commissioners will have the right to designate a
deputy Commissioner to replace him in his absence.<br><br>
2<br><br>

The salary of each member of the Commission will be paid by
the Government which appointed him; these salaries will be fixed
at reasonable amounts agreed upon from time to time between the
Governments represented on the Commission.<br><br>

3<br><br>
               
The salaries of the police officers referred to in Article 48, of
such other officials and officers as may be appointed under Article
51, and the pay of the local police referred to in Article 48, shall
be paid out of the receipts from the dues and charges levied on
shipping.<br><br>

The Commission shall frame regulations as to the terms and
condltions of employment of all officers and officials appointed<br><br>

4<br><br>
               
The Commission shall have at its disposal such vessels as may
be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions as laid down
in this Section and Annex.<br><br>

5<br><br>

In order to carry out all the duties with which it is charged by
the provisions of this Section and Annex and within the limits
therein laid down the Commission will have the power to prepare, issue and enforce the necessary regulations; this power will
include the right of amending so far as may be necessary or repealing the existing regulations.<br><br>

6. <br><br>

The Commission shall frame regulations as to the manner in
which the accounts of all revenues and expenditure of the funds
under its control shall be kept, the auditing of such accounts
and the publication every year of a full and accurate report
thereof.<br><br>
                                            
SECTION III.<br>
KURDISTAN.<br>
ARTICLE 62.<br><br>
                                                         
A Commission sitting at Constantinople and composed of
three members appointed by the British, French and Italian
Governments respectively shall draft within six months from the
coming into force of the present Treaty a scheme of local autonomy for the predominantly Kurdish areas lying east of the Euphrates, south of the southern boundary of Armenia as it may be
hereafter determined, and north of the frontier of Turkey with
Syria and Mesopotamia, as defined in Article 27, II (2) and (3).
If unanimity cannot be secured on any question, it will be referred
by the members of the Commission to their respective Governments. The scheme shall contain full safeguards for the protection of the Assyro-Chaldeans and other racial or religious minorities within these areas, and with this object a Commission composed of British, French, Italian, Persian and Kurdish representatives shall visit the spot to examine and decide what rectifications, if any, should be made in the Turkish frontier where, under
the provisions of the present Treaty, that frontier coincides with
that of Persia.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 63.<br><br>
                                                          
The Turkish Government hereby agrees to accept and execute
the decisions of both the Commissions mentioned in Article 62
within three months from their communication to the said
Government.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 64.<br><br>
                                                           
If within one year from the coming into force of the present
Treaty the Kurdish peoples within the areas defined in Article
62 shall address themselves to the Council of the League of Nations in such a manner as to show that a majority of the population of these areas desires independence from Turkey, and if the
Council then considers that these peoples are capable of such independence and recommends that it should be granted to them,
Turkey hereby agrees to execute such a recommendation, and to
renounce all rights and title over these areas.<br><br>

The detailed provisions for such renunciation will form the
subject of a separate agreement between the Principal Allied
Powers and Turkey.<br><br>

If and when such renunciation takes place, no objection will be
raised by the Principal Allied Powers to the voluntary adhesion
to such an independent Kurdish State of the Kurds inhabiting
that part of Kurdistan which has hitherto been included in the
Mosul vilayet.<br><br>

SECTION IV.<br>
SMYRNA.<br>
ARTICLE 65.<br><br>
            
The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna
and the adjacent territory defined in Article 66, until the determination of their final status in accordance with Article 83.<br><br>

ARTICLE 66.<br><br>
             
The geographical limits of the territory adjacent to the city of
Smyrna will be laid down as follows:<br><br>

From the mouth of the river which flows into the Aegean Sea
about 5 kilometres north of Skalanova, eastwards,<br>

the course of this river upstream;<br>
 
then south-eastwards, the course of the southern branch of this
river;<br>

then south-eastwards, to the western point of the crest of the
Gumush Dagh;<br>

A line to be fixed on the ground passing west of Chinar K, and
east of Akche Ova;<br>

thence north-eastwards, this crest line;<br>

thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the railway from
Ayasoluk to Deirmendik about 1 kilometre west of Balachik
station,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground leaving the road and railway
from Sokia to Balachik station entirely in Turkish territory;<br>

thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the southern
boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground;<br>
thence to a point to be chosen in the neighbourhood of Bos
Dagh situated about 15 kilometres north-east of Odemish,<br>
the southern and eastern boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna;<br>
thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the railway from
Manisa to Alashehr about 6 kilometres west of Salihli,<br>
a line to be fixed on the ground;<br>

thence northwards to Geurenez Dagh,<br>
a line to be fixed on the ground passing east of Mermer Geul
west of Kemer, crossing the Kum Chai approximately south of
Akshalan, and then following the watershed west of Kavakalan;<br>

thence north-westwards to a point to be chosen on the boundary
between the Cazas of Kirkagach and Ak Hissar about 18 kilometres east of Kirkagach and 20 kilometres north of Ak Hissar,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground;<br>
thence westwards to its junction with the boundary of the Caza
of Soma,<br>

the southern boundary of the Caza of Kirkagach,<br>
thence westwards to its junction with the boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna,<br>
the southern boundary of the Caza of Soma;<br>

thence northwards to its junction with the boundary of the
vilayet of Smyrna,<br>

the north-eastern boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna;<br>
thence westwards to a point to be chosen in the neighbourhood

of Charpajik (Tepe).<br>

the northern boundary of the vilayet of Smyrna;<br>
thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the ground about
4 kilometres southwest of Keuiluje,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground;<br>

thence westwards to a point to be selected on the ground between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele,<br>

a line to be fixed on the ground passing south of Kemer and
Kemer Iskele together with the road joining these places.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 67.<br><br>
                                                         
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from
the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot
the boundaries of the territories described in Article 66. This
Commission shall be composed of three members nominated by
the British, French and Italian Governments respectively, one
member nominated by the Greek Government, and one nominated by the Turkish Government.<br><br>

ARTICLE 68.<br><br>
             
Subject to the provisions of this Section, the city of Smyrna
and the territory defined in Article 66 will be assimilated, in the
application of the present Treaty, to territory detached from
Turkey.<br><br>

ARTICLE 69<br><br>
             
The city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66
remain under Turkish sovereignty. Turkey, however, transfers
to the Greek Government the exercise of her rights of sovereignty
over the city of Smyrna and the said territory. In witness of
such sovereignty the Turkish flag shall remain permanently
hoisted over an outer fort in the town of Smyrna. The fort will
be designated by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>

ARTICLE 70.<br><br>
             
The Greek Government will be responsible for the administration of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66,
and will effect this administration by means of a body of officials
which it will appoint specially for the purpose.<br><br>

ARTICLE 71.<br><br>
             
The Greek Government shall be entitled to maintain in the
city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 the military
forces required for the maintenance of order and public security.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 72.<br><br>
             
A local parliament shall be set up with an electoral system
calculated to ensure proportional representation of all sections
of the population, including racial, linguistic and religious
minorities. Within six months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty the Greek Government shall submit to the
Council of the League of Nations a scheme for an electoral system complying with the above requirements; this scheme shall
not come into force until approved by a majority of the Council.<br><br>

The Greek Government shall be entitled to postpone the elections for so long as may be required for the return of the inhabitants who have been banished or deported by the Turkish authorities, but such postponement shall not exceed a period of one
year from the coming into force of the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 73.<br><br>
                                                         
The relations between the Greek administration and the local
parliament shall be determined by the said administration in
accordance with the principles of the Greek Constitution.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 74.<br><br>
                                                         
Compulsory military service shall not be enforced in the city
of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 pending the
final determination of their status in accordance with Article 83.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 75.<br><br>
                                                         
The provisions of the separate Treaty referred to in Article 86
relating to the protection of racial, linguistic and religious
minorities, and to freedom of commerce and transit, shall be
applicable to the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in
Article 66.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 76.<br><br>
                                                         
The Greek Government may establish a Customs boundary
along the frontier line defined in Article 66, and may incorporate
the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in the said Article
in the Greek customs system.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 77.<br><br>
                                                         
The Greek Government engages to take no measures which
would have the effect of depreciating the existing Turkish currency, which shall retain its character as legal tender pending
the determination, in accordance with the provisions of Article
83, of the final status of the territory.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 78.<br><br>
                                                         
The provisions of Part XI (Ports, Waterways and Railways)
relating to the regime of ports of international interest, free
ports and transit shall be applicable to the city of Smyrna and
the territory defined in Article 66.<br><br>

ARTICLE 79.<br><br>
             
As regards nationality, such inhabitants of the city of Smyrna
and the territory defined in Article 66 as are of Turkish nationality and cannot claim any other nationality under the terms of
the present Treaty shall be treated on exactly the same footing
as Greek nationals. Greece shall provide for their diplomatic
and consular protection abroad.<br><br>

ARTICLE 80.<br><br>
             
The provisions of Article 24I, Part VIII (Financial Clauses)
will apply in the case of the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66.<br><br>

The provisions of Article 293, Part IX (Economic Clauses)
will not be applicable in the case of the said city and territory.<br><br>

ARTICLE 8I.<br><br>
             
Until the determination, in accordance with the provisions of
Article 83, of the final status of Smyrna and the territory defined
in Article 66, the rights to exploit the salt marshes of Phocea belonging to the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt,
including all plant and machinery and materials for transport
by land or sea, shall not be altered or interfered with. No tax
or charge shall be imposed during this period on the manufacture,
exportation or transport of salt produced from these marshes.
The Greek administration will have the right to regulate and
tax the consumption of salt at Symrna and within the territory
defined in Article 66. <br><br>

If after the expiration of the period referred to in the preceding
paragraph Greece considers it opportuhe to effect changes in the
provisions above set forth, the salt marshes of Phocea will be
treated as a concession and the guarantees provided by Article
312, Part IX (Economic Clauses) will apply, subject, however,
to the provisions of Article 246, Part VIII (Financial Clauses)
of the present Treaty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 82.<br><br>
             
Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are
not decided by the present Treaty and which may arise from
the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 83.<br><br>

When a period of five years shall have elapsed after the coming
into force of the present Treaty the local parliament referred to
in Article 72 may, by a majority of votes, ask the Council of the
League of Nations for the definitive incorporation in the King
dom of Greece of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in
Article 66. The Council may require, as a preliminary, a plebiscite under conditions which it will lay down.<br><br>
                                           
In the event of such incorporation as a result of the application
of the foregoing paragraph, the Turkish sovereignty referred to
in Article 69 shall cease. Turkey hereby renounces in that
event in favour of Greece all rights and title over the city of
Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.<br><br>
                                           
SECTION V.<br><br>
GREECE.<br><br>
ARTICLE 84.<br><br>
                                                         
Without prejudice to the frontiers of Bulgaria laid down by
the Treaty of Peace signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on November
27, 1919, Turkey renounces in favour of Greece all rights and
title over the territories of the former Turkish Empire in Europe situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                           
The islands of the Sea of Marmora are not included in the
transfer of sovereignty effected by the above paragraph.<br><br>
                                         
Turkey further renounces in favour of Greece all her rights and
title over the islands of Imbros and Tenedos. The decision taken
by the Conference of Ambassadors at London in execution of
Articles 5 of the Treaty of London of May 17-30, 1913, and 15
of the Treaty of Athens of November 1-14, 1913, and notified to
the Greek Govermnent on February 13, 1914, relating to the sovereignty of Greece over the other islands of the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly Lemnos, Samothrace, Mytilene, Chios,
Samos and Nikaria, is confirmed, without prejudice to the
provisions of the present Treaty relating to the islands placed
under the sovereignty of Italy and referred to in Article 122, and
to the islands lying less than three miles fron the coast of
Asia.<br><br>
                                            
Nevertheless, in the portion of the zone of the Straits and
the islands, referred to in Article 178, which under the present
Treaty are placed under Greek sovereignty, Greece accepts and
undertakes to observe, failing any contrary stipulation in the
present Treaty, all the obligations which, in order to assure the
freedom of the Straits, are imposed by the present Treaty on
Turkey in that portion of the said zone, including the islands of
the Sea of Marmora, which remains under Turkish sovereignty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 85.<br><br>
             
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the
coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the
frontier line described in Article 27, 1 (2). This Commission shall
be composed of four members nominated by the Principal Allied
Powers, one member nominated by Greece, and one member
nominated by Turkey.<br><br>

ARTICLE 86.<br><br>
             
Greece accepts and agrees to embody in a separate Treaty such
provisions as may be deemed necessary, particularly as regards
Adrianople, to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State
who differ from the majority of the population in race, language
or religion.<br><br>

Greece further accepts and agrees to embody in a separate
Treaty such provisions as may be deemed necessary to protect
freedom of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce
of other nations.<br><br>

ARTICLE 87.<br><br>
             
The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of
Turkey which Greece will have to assume on account of the
territory placed under her sovereignty will be determined in
accordance with Articles 241 to 244, Part VIII (Financial
Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br>

Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are not
decided by the present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territories.<br><br>

SECTION VI.<br><br>
             
ARMENIA.<br>
             
ARTICLE 88.<br><br>
             
Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the
Allied Powers, hereby recognises Armenia as a free and independent State.<br><br>

ARTICLE 89.<br><br>
             
Turkey and Armenia as well as the other High Contracting
Parties agree to submit to the arbitration of the President of the
United States of America the question of the frontier to be fixed
between Turkey and Armenia in the vilayets of Erzerum,
Trebizond, Van and Bitlis, and to accept his decision thereupon,
as well as any stipulations he may prescribe as to access for
Armenia to the sea, and as to the demilitarisation of any portion
of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier.<br><br>

ARTICLE 90.<br><br>
             
In the event of the determination of the frontier under Article
89 involving the transfer of the whole or any part of the territory
of the said Vilayets to Armenia, Turkey hereby renounces as
from the date of such decision all rights and title over the territory
so transferred. The provisions of the present Treaty applicable
to territory detached from Turkey shall thereupon become
applicable to the said territory.<br><br>

The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of
Turkey which Armenia will have to assume, or of the rights
which will pass to her, on account of the transfer of the said
territory will be determined in accordance with Articles 241 to
244, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br>

Subsequent agreements will, if necessary, decide all questions
which are not decided by the present Treaty and which may
arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territory.<br><br>

ARTICLE 91.<br><br>
             
In the event of any portion of the territory referred to in
Article 89 being transferred to Armenia, a Boundary Commission,
whose composition will be determined subsequently, will be
constituted within three months from the delivery of the decision
referred to in the said Article to trace on the spot the frontier
between Armenia and Turkey as established by such decision.<br><br>

ARTICLE 92.<br><br>
             
The frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan and Georgia
respectively will be determined by direct agreement between
the States concerned.<br><br>

If in either case the States concerned have failed to determine
the frontier by agreement at the date of the decision referred to
in Article 89, the frontier line in question will be determined by
the Pricipal Allied Powers, who will also provide for its being
traced on the spot.<br><br>

ARTICLE 93.<br><br>
              
Armenia accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the
Principal Allied Powers such provisions as may be deemed
necessary by these Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants
of that State who differ from the majority of the population in
race, language, or religion.<br><br>

Armenia further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty
with the Principal Allied Powers such provisions as these Powers
may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable
treatment for the commerce of other nations.<br><br>

SECTION VII.<br>
SYRIA, MESOPOTAMIA, PALESTINE.<br>
ARTICLE 94.<br><br>
     
The High Contracting Parties agree that Syria and Mesopotamia shall, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 22.<br><br>

Part I (Covenant of the League of Nations), be provisionally
recognised as independent States subject to the rendering of
administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such
time as they are able to stand alone.<br><br>

A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from
the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot
the frontier line described in Article 27, II (2) and (3). This
Commission will be composed of three members nominated by
France, Great Britain and Italy respectively, and one member
nominated by Turkey; it will be assisted by a representative of
Syria for the Syrian frontier, and by a representative of Mesopotamia for the Mesopotamian frontier.<br><br>

The determination of the other frontiers of the said States,
and the selection of the Mandatories, will be made by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>

ARTICLE 95.<br><br>
             
The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application
of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine,
within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal
Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers.
The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the
declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British
Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour
of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the
Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be
done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing
non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political
status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.<br><br>
                                              
The Mandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a
special Commission to study and regulate all questions and
claims relating to the different religious communities. In the
composition of this Commission the religious interests concerned
will be taken into account. The Chairman of the Commission
will be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 96.<br><br>
                                                           
The terms of the mandates in respect of the above territories
will be formulated by the Principal Allied Powers and submitted
to the Council of the League of Nations for approval.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 97.<br><br>
                                                            
Turkey hereby undertakes, in accordance with the provisions
of Article 132, to accept any decisions which may be taken in
relation to the questions dealt with in this Section.<br><br>
                                              
SECTION VIII.<br>
HEDJAZ.<br>
ARTICLE 98.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the
Allied Powers, hereby recognises the Hedjaz as a free and
indepedent State, and renounces in favour of the Hedjaz all
rights and titles over the territories of the former Turkish Empire situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the
present Treaty, and comprised within the boundaries which may
ultimately be fixed.<br><br>

ARTICLE 99.<br><br>
              
In view of the sacred character attributed by Moslems of all
countries to the cities and the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina
His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes to assure free
and easy access thereto to Moslems of every country who desire
to go there on pilgrimage or for any other religious object, and
to respect and ensure respect for the pious foundations which are
or may be established there by Moslems of any countries in
accordance with the precepts of the law of the Koran.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 100.<br><br>
             
His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes that in commercial matters the most complete equality of treatment shall
be assured in the territory of the Hedjaz to the persons, ships
and goods of nationals of any of the Allied Powers, or of any of
the new States set up in the territories of the former Turkish
Empire, as well as to the persons, ships and goods of nationals
of States, Members of the League of Nations.<br><br>

SECTION IX.<br><br>
EGYPT, SOUDAN, CYPRUS.<br>
I. EGYPT.<br>
ARTICLE 101.<br><br>
        
Turkey renounces all rights and title in or over Egypt. This
renunciation shall take effect as from November 5, 1914. Turkey
declares that in conformity with the action taken by the Allied
Powers she recognises the Protectorate proclaimed over Egypt
by Great Britain on December 18, 1914.<br><br>

ARTICLE 102.<br><br>
             
Turkish subjects habitually resident in Egypt on December 18,
1914, will acquire Egyptian nationality ipso facto and will lose
their Turkish nationality, except that if at that date such persons
were temporarily absent from, and have not since returned to,
Egypt they will not acquire Egyptian nationality without a
special authorisation from the Egyptian Government.<br><br>

ARTICLE 103.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkish subjects who became resident in Egypt after December 18, 1914, and are habitually resident there at the date of the
coming into force of the present Treaty may, subject to the
conditions prescribed in Article 105 for the right of option, claim
Egyptian nationality, but such claim may in individual cases
be refused by the competent Egyptian authority.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 104.<br><br>
                                                           
For all purposes connected with the present Treaty, Egypt
and Egyptian nationals, their goods and vessels, shall be treated
on the same footing, as from August I, 1914, as the Allied Powers,
their nationals, goods and vessels, and provisions in respect of
territory under Turkish sovereignty, or of territory detached from
Turkey in accordance with the present Treaty, shall not apply
to Egypt.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE I05.<br><br>
                                                           
Within a period of one year after the coming into force of the
present Treaty persons over eighteen years of age acquiring
Egyptian nationality under the provisions of Article 102 will be
entitled to opt for Turkish nationality. In case such persons, or
those who under Article 103 are entitled to claim Egyptian
nationality, differ in race from the majority of the population of
Egypt, they will within the same period be entitled to opt for
the nationality of any State in favour of which territory is
detached from Turkey, if the majority of the population of that
State is of the same race as the person exercising the right to opt.<br><br>
                                              
Option by a husband covers a wife and option by parents
covers their children under eighteen years of age.<br><br>
                                              
Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must,
except where authorised to continue to reside in Egypt, transfer
within the ensuing twelve months their place of residence to the
State for which they have opted. They will be entitled to retain
their immovable property in Egypt, and may carry with them
their movable property of every description. No export or
import duties or charges may be imposed upon them in connection
with the removal of such property.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 106.<br><br>
The Egyptian Government shall have complete liberty of
action in regulating the status of Turkish subjects in Egypt and
the conditions under which they may establish themselves in
the territory.<br><br>

ARTICLE 107.<br><br>
             
Egyptian nationals shall be entitled, when abroad, to British
diplonlatic and consular protection.<br><br>

ARTICLE 108.<br><br>
             
Egyptian goods entering Turkey shall enjoy the treatment
accorded to British goods.<br><br>

ARTICLE 109.<br><br>
             
Turkey renounces in favour of Great Britain the powers conferred upon His Imperial Majesty the Sultan by the Convention
signed at Constantinople on October 29, 1888, relating to the
free navigation of the Suez Canal.<br><br>

ARTICLE 110.<br><br>
             
All property and possessions in Egypt belonging to the Turkish
Government pass to the Egyptian Government without payment.<br><br>

ARTICLE 111 .<br><br>
             
All movable and immovable property in Egypt belonging to
Turkish nationals (who do not acquire Egyptian nationality)
shall be dealt with in aecordance with the provisions of Part IX
(Economie Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 112.<br><br>
             
Turkey renounces all claim to the tribute formerly paid by
Egypt.<br><br>

Great Britain undertakes to relieve Turkey of all liability in
respect of the Turkish loans secured on the Egyptian tribute.<br><br>

These loans are:<br><br>

The guaranteed loan of 1855;<br>

The loan of 1894 representing the converted loans of 1854 and
1871;
<br>
The loan of 1891 representing the converted loan of 1877.<br><br>

The sums which the Khedives of Egypt have from time to
time undertaken to pay over to the houses by which these loans
were issued will be applied as heretofore to the interest and the
sinking funds of the loans of 1894 and 1891 until the final extinction of those loans. The Government of Egypt will also continue to apply the sum hitherto paid towards the interest on
the guaranteed loan of 1855.<br><br>
                                             
Upon the extinction of these loans of 1894, 1891 and 1855, all
liability on the part of the Egyptian Government arising out of
the tribute formerly paid by Egypt to Turkey will cease.<br><br>
                                             
2. SOUDAN.<br><br>
ARTICLE 113.<br><br>
                                                          
The High Contracting Parties declare and place on record
that they have taken note of the Convention between the British
Government and the Egyptian Government defining the status
and regulating the administration of the Soudan, signed on
January I9, I899, as amended by the supplementary Convention
relating to the town of Suakin signed on July 10, 1899.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 114.<br><br>
                                                           
Soudanese shall be entitled when in foreign countries to British diplomatic and consular protection.<br><br>
                                              
3. CYPRUS<br><br>
ARTICLE 115.<br><br>
                                                           
The High Contracting Parties recognise the annexation of
Cyprus proclaimed by the British Government on November 5,
1914.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 116.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkey renounces all rights and title over or relating to
Cyprus, including the right to the tribute formerly paid by that
island to the Sultan.<br><br>

ARTICLE 117.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkish nationals born or habitually resident in Cyprus will
acquire British nationality and lose their Turkish nationality,
subject to the conditions laid down in the local law.<br><br>
                                              

SECTION X.<br><br>
MOROCCO, TUNIS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 118.<br><br>
           
Turkey recognises the French Protectorate in Morocco, and
accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take
effect as from March 30, 1912.<br><br>

ARTICLE 119.<br><br>
             
Moroccan goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same
treatment as French goods.<br><br>

ARTICLE 120.<br><br>
             
Turkey recognises the French Protectorate over Tunis and
accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take
effect as from May 12, 1881.<br><br>

Tunisian goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same
treatment as French goods.<br><br>

SECTION XI.<br><br>
LIBYA, AEGEAN ISLANDS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 121.<br><br>
        
Turkey definitely renounces all rights and privileges which
under the Treaty of Lausanne of October 18, 1912, were left to
the Sultan in Libya.<br><br>

ARTICLE 122.<br><br>
             
Turkey renounces in favour of Italy all rights and title over
the following islands of the Aegean Sea; Stampalia (Astropalia),
Rhodes (Rhodos), Calki (Kharki), Scarpanto, Casos (Casso)
Pscopis (Tilos), Misiros (Nisyros), Calymnos (Kalymnos)
Leros, Patmos, Lipsos (Lipso), Sini (Symi), and Cos (Kos), which
are now occupied by Italy, and the islets dependent thereon, and
also over the island of Castellorizzo.<br><br>

SECTION Xll.<br><br>
NATIONALITY.<br><br>
ARTICLE 123.<br><br>
                                                          
Turkish subjects habitually resident in territory which in
accordance with the provisions of the present Treaty is detached
from Turkey will become ipso facto, in the conditions laid down
by the local law, nationals of the State to which such territory is
transferred.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 124.<br><br>
                                                           
Persons over eighteen years of age losing their Turkish nationality and obtaining ipso facto a new nationality under Article
123 shall be entitled within a period of one year from the coming
into force of the present Treaty to opt for Turkish nationality.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 125.<br><br>
                                                           
Persons over eighteen years of age habitually resident in
territory detached from Turkey in accordance with the present
Treaty and differing in race from the majority of the population
of such territory shall within one year from the coming into
force of the present Treaty be entitled to opt for Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, the Hedjaz, Mesopotamia, Syria,
Bulgaria or Turkey, if the majority of the population of the
State selected is of the same race as the person exercising the
right to opt.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 126.<br><br>
                                                            
Persons who have exercised the right to opt in accordance with the provisions of Articles 124 or 125 must within the succeeding
twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State for
which they have opted.<br><br>
                                              
They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in
the territory of the other State where they had their place of
residence before exercising their right to opt.<br><br>
                                               
They may carry with them their movable property of every
description. No export or import duties may be imposed upon
them in connection with the removal of such property.<br><br>

ARTICLE 127.<br><br>

The High Contracting Parties undertake to put no hindrance 
in the way of the exercise of the right which the persons concerned have under the present Treaty, or under the Treaties of
Peace concluded with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Hungary
or under any treaty concluded by the Allied Powers, or any of
them, with Russia, or between any of the Allied Powers themselves, to choose any other nationality which may be open to
them.<br><br>

In particular, Turkey undertakes to facilitate by every means
in her power the voluntary emigration of persons desiring to
avail themselves of the right to opt provided by Article 125, and
to carry out any measures which may be prescribed with this
object by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br>

ARTICLE 128.<br><br>
             
Turkey undertakes to recognise any new nationality which has
been or may be acquired by her nationals under the laws of the
Allied Powers or new States and in accordance with the decisions
of the competent authorities of these Powers pursuant to naturalisation laws or under Treaty stipulations, and to regard such
persons as having, in consequence of the acquisition of such
new nationality, in all respects severed their allegiance to their
country of origin.<br><br>

In particular, persons who before the coming into force of the
present Treaty have acquired the nationality of one of the Allied
Powers in accordance with the law of such Power shall be
recognised by the Turkish Government as nationals of such
Power and as having lost their Turkish nationality, notwithstanding any provisions of Turkish law to the contrary. No
confiscation of property or other penalty provided by Turkish
law shall be incurred on account of the acquisition of any such
nationality.<br><br>

ARTICLE 129.<br><br>
            
Jews of other than Turkish nationality who are habitually
resident, on the coming into force of the present Treaty, within
the boundaries of Palestine, as determined in accordance with
Article 95 will ipso facto become citizens of Palestine to the
exclusion of any other nationality.<br><br>

ARTICLE 130.<br><br>
                                                           
For the purposes of the provisions of this Section, the status
of a married woman will be governed by that of her husband and
the status of children under eighteen years of age by that of their
parents.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 131.<br><br>
                                                           
The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna
and the territory defined in Article 66 as from the establishment
of the final status of the territory in accordance with Article 83.<br><br>
                                              
SECTION XIII.<br><br>
GENERAL PROVISIONS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 132.<br><br>
                                                       
Outside her frontiers as fixed by the present Treaty Turkey
hereby renounces in favour of the Principal Allied Powers all
rights and title which she could claim on any ground over or
concerning any territories outside Europe which are not otherwise disposed of by the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                              
Turkey undertakes to recognise and conform to the measures
which may be taken now or in the future by the Principal Allied
Powers, in agreement where necessary with third Powers, in
order to carry the above stipulation into effect.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 133.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of the Treaties
of Peace and Additional Conventions concluded by the Allied
Powers with the Powers who fought on the side of Turkey, and
to recognise whatever dispositions have been or may be made
concerning the territories of the former German Empire, of
Austria, of Hungary and of Bulgaria, and to recognise the new
States within their frontiers as there laid down.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 134.<br><br>
                                                            
Turkey hereby recognises and accepts the frontiers of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Roumania,
the Serb-Croat-Slovene State and the Czecho-Slovak State as
these frontiers may be determined by the Treaties referred to in
Article 133 or by any supplementary conventions.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 135.<br><br>
            
Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of all treaties or
agreements which may be entered into by the Allied Powers
with States now existing or coming into existence in future in
the whole or part of the former Empire of Russia as it existed
on August 1, 1914, and to recognise the frontiers of any such
States as determined therein.<br><br>

Turkey acknowledges and agrees to respect as permanent and
inalienable the independence of the said States.<br><br>

In accordance with the provisions of Article 259, Part VIII
(Financial Clauses), and Article 277, Part IX (Economic
Clauses), of the present Treaty, Turkey accepts definitely the
abrogation of the Brest-Litovsk Treaties and of all treaties
conventions and agreements entered into by her with the Maximalist Government in Russia.<br><br>

ARTICLE 136.<br><br>
             
A Commission composed of four members, appointed by the
British Empire, France, Italy and Japan respectively, shall be
set up within three months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty, to prepare, with the assistance of technical experts representing the other capitulatory Powers, Allied or
neutral, who with this object will each be invited to appoint an
expert, a scheme of judicial reform to replace the present capitulatory system in judicial matters in Turkey. This Commission
may recommend, after consultation with the Turkish Government, the adoption of either a mixed or an unified judicial
system.<br><br>

The scheme prepared by the Commission will be submitted
to the Governments of the Allied and neutral Powers concerned.
As soon as the Principal Allied Powers have approved the
scheme they will inform the Turkish Government, which hereby
agrees to accept the new system.<br><br>

The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right to agree among
themselves, and if necessary with the other Allied or neutral
Powers concerned, as to the date on which the new system is to
come into force.<br><br>

ARTICLE 137.<br><br>
             
Without prejudice to the provisions of Part VII (Penalties),
no inhabitant of Turkey shall be disturbed or molested, under
any pretext whatever, on account of any political or military
action taken by him, or any assistance of any kind given by
him to the Allied Powers, or their nationals, between August 1,
1914, and the coming into force of the present Treaty; all sentences pronounced against any inhabitant of Turkey for the
above reasons shall be completely annulled, and any proceedings
already instituted shall be arrested.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 138.<br><br>
                                                           
No inhabitant of territory detached from Turkey in accordance
with the present Treaty shall be disturbed or molested on
account of his political attitude after August 1, 1914, or of the
determination of his nationality effected in accordance with the
present Treaty.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 139.<br><br>
                                                           
Turkey renounces formally all rights of suzerainty or jurisdiction of any kind over Moslems who are subject to the sovereignty
or protectorate of any other State.<br><br>
                                              
No power shall be exercised directly or indirectly by any
Turkish authority whatever in any territory detached from
Turkey or of which the existing status under the present Treaty
is recognised by Turkey.<br><br>

PART IV.<br><br>
PROTECTION OF MINORITIES.<br><br>
ARTICLE 140.<br><br>
      
Turkey undertakes that the stipulations contained in Articles
141, I45 and I47 shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and
that no civil or military law or regulation, no Imperial Iradeh
nor official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations,
nor shall any law, regulation, Imperial Iradeh nor official action
prevail over them.<br><br>

ARTICLE 141.<br><br>
            
Turkey undertakes to assure full and complete protection
of life and liberty to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction
of birth, nationality, language, race or religion.

All inhabitants of Turkey shall be entitled to the free exercise,
whether public or private, of any creed, religion or belief.<br><br>

The penalties for any interference with the free exercise of
the right referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the
same whatever may be the creed concerned.<br><br>

ARTICLE 142.<br><br>
             
Whereas, in view of the terrorist regime which has existed in
Turkey since November 1, 1914, conversions to Islam could not
take place under normal conditions, no conversions since that
date are recognised and all persons who were non-Moslems before November 1, 1914, will be considered as still remaining such,
unless, after regaining their liberty, they voluntarily perform
the necessary formalities for embracing the Islamic faith.<br><br>

In order to repair so far as possible the wrongs inflicted on
individuals in the course of the massacres perpetrated in Turkey
during the war, the Turkish Government undertakes to afford
all the assistance in its power or in that of the Turkish authorities in the search for and deliverance of all persons, of whatever
race or religion, who have disappeared, been carried off, interned
or placed in captivity since November 1, 1914.<br><br>

The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate the operations of mixed commissions appointed by the Council of the League of Nations to receive the complaints of the victims themselves, their families or their relations, to make the necessary
enquiries, and to order the liberation of the persons in question.<br><br>
                                             
The Turkish Government undertakes to ensure the execution<br><br>
of the decisions of these commissions, and to assure the security
and the liberty of the persons thus restored to the full enjoyment
of their rights.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 143<br><br>
                                                          
Turkey undertakes to recognise such provisions as the Allied Powers may consider opportune with respect to the reciprocal
and voluntary emigration of persons belonging to racial minorities.<br><br>
                                              
Turkey renounces any right to avail herself of the provisions
of Article I6 of the Convention between Greece and Bulgaria
relating to reciprocal emigration, signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on
November 27, 19l9. Within six months from the coming into
force of the present Treaty, Greece and Turkey will enter into a
special arrangement relating to the reciprocal and voluntary
emigration of the populations of Turkish and Greek race in the
territories transferred to Greece and remaining Turkish respectively.<br><br>
                                              
In case agreement cannot be reached as to such arrangement,
Greece and Turkey will be entitled to apply to the Council of
the League of Nations, which will fix the terms of such arrangement.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 144.<br><br>
                                                           
The Turkish Government recognises the injustice of the law
of 1915 relating to Abandoned Properties <i>(Emval-i-Metroukeh)</i>,
and of the supplementary provisions thereof, and declares them
to be null and void, in the past as in the future.<br><br>
                                              
The Turkish Government solemnly undertakes to facilitate
to the greatest possible extent the return to their homes and re-establishment in their businesses of the Turkish subjects of
non-Turkish race who have been forcibly driven from their homes
by fear of massacre or any other form of pressure since January
1, 1914. It recognises that any immovable or movable property
of the said Turkish subjects or of the communities to which they
belong, which can be recovered, must be restored to them as
soon as possible, in whatever hands it may be found. Such
property shall be restored free of all charges or servitudes with
which it may have been burdened and without compensation of
any kind to the present owners or occupiers, subject to any
action which they may be able to bring against the persons from
whom they derived title.<br><br>

The Turkish Government agrees that arbitral commissions
shall be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations
wherever found necessary. These commissions shall each be
composed of one representative of the Turkish Government, one
representative of the community which claims that it or one of
its members has been injured, and a ehairman appointed by the
Council of the League of Nations. These arbitral commissions
shall hear all claims covered by this Article and decide them by
summary procedure.
<br><br>

The arbitral commissions will have power to order:<br><br>

(1) The provision by the Turkish Government of labour for
any work of reconstruction or restoration deemed necessary.
This labour shall be recruited from the races inhabiting the
territory where the arbitral commission considers the execution
of the said works to be necessary<br><br>

(2) The removal of any person who, after enquiry, shall be
recognised as having taken an active part in massacres or deportations or as having provoked them; the measures to be taken
with regard to such person's possessions will be indicated by the
commission;<br><br>

(3) The disposal of property belonging to members of a community who have died or disappeared since January 1, 1914,
without leaving heirs; such property may be handed over to the
community instead of to the State
<br><br>

(4) The cancellation of all acts of sale or any acts creating
rights over immovable property concluded after January 1,
I914. The indemnification of the holders will be a charge upon
the Turkish Government, but must not serve as a pretext for
delaying the restitution. The arbitral commission will, however
have the power to impose equitable arrangements between the
interested parties, if any sum has been paid by the present
holder of such property.<br><br>

The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate in the
fullest possible measure the work of the commissions and to
ensure the execution of their decisions, which will be final. No
decision of the Turkish judicial or administrative authorities
shall prevail over such decisions.<br><br>

ARTICLE 145.<br><br>
                                                           
All Turkish nationals shall be equal before the law and shall
enjoy the same civil and political rights without distinction as
to race, language or religion.<br><br>
                                              
Difference of religion, creed or confession shall not prejudice
any Turkish national in matters relating to the enjoyment of
civil or political rights, as for instance admission to public employments, functions and honours, or the exercise of professions
and industries.<br><br>
                                              
Within a period of two years from the coming into force of the
present Treaty the Turkish Government will submit to the
Allied Powers a scheme for the organisation of an electoral system based on the principle of proportional representation of
racial minorities.<br><br>
                                              
No restriction shall be imposed on the free use by any Turkish
national of any language in private intercourse, in commerce,
religion, in the press or in publications of any kind, or at public
meetings. Adequate facilities shall be given to Turkish nationals
of non-Turkish speech for the use of their language, either orally
or in writing, before the courts.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 146.<br><br>
                                                           
The Turkish Government undertakes to recognize the validity
of diplomas granted by recognised foreign universities and
schools, and to admit the holders thereof to the free exercise of
the professions and industries for which such diplomas qualify.<br><br>
                                              
This provision will apply equally to nationals of Allied
powers who are resident in Turkey.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 147.<br><br>
                                                            
Turkish nationals who belong to racial, religious or linguistic
minorities shall enjoy the ame treatment and security in law
and in fact as other Turkish nationals. In particular they shall
have an equal right to establish, manage and control at their
own expense, and independently of and without interference by
the Turkish authorities, any charitable, religious and social institutions, schools for primary, secondary and higher instruction and other educational establishments, with the right to use
their own language and to exercise their own religion freely
therein.<br><br>

ARTICLE 148.<br><br>
             
In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion
of Turkish nationals belonging to racial, linguistic or religious
minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share
in the enjoyment and application of the sums which may be
provided out of public funds under the State, municipal or other
budgets for educational or charitable purposes.<br><br>

The sums in question shall be paid to the qualified representatives of the communities concerned.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 149.<br><br>
             
The Turkish Government undertakes to recognise and respect
the ecclesiastical and scholastic autonomy of all racial minorities
in Turkey. For this purpose, and subject to any provisions to
the contrary in the present Treaty, the Turkish Government
confirms and will uphold in their entirety the prerogatives and
immunities of an ecclesiastical, scholastic or judicial nature
granted by the Sultans to non-Moslem races in virtue of special
orders or imperial decrees (firmans, hattis, berats, etc.) as well
as by ministerial orders or orders of the Grand Vizier.<br><br>

All laws, decrees, regulations and circulars issued by the
Turkish Government and containing abrogations, restrictions or
amendments of such prerogatives and immunities shall be considered to such extent null and void.<br><br>

Any modification of the Turkish judical system which may be
introduced in accordance with the provisions of the present
Treaty shall be held to override this Article, in so far as such
modification may affect individuals belonging to racial minorities.<br><br>

ARTICLE 150.<br><br>
             
In towns and districts where there is resident a considerable
proportion of Turkish nationals of the Christian or Jewish religions the Turkish Government undertakes that such Turkish
nationals shall not be compelled to perform any act which constitutes a violation of their faith or religious observances, and shall
not be placed under any disability by reason of their refusal to
attend courts of law or to perform any legal business on their
weekly day of rest. This provision, however, shall not exempt
such Turkish nationals (Christians or Jews) from such obligations as shall be imposed upon all other Turkish nationals for the
preservation of public order.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 151.<br><br>
                                                           
The Principal Allied Powers, in consultation with the Council
of the League of Nations, will decide what measures are necessary
to guarantee the execution of the provisions of this Part. The
Turkish Government hereby accepts all decisions which may be
taken on this subject.<br><br>

PART V.<br><br>

MILITARY, NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES.<br><br>
    
In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation
of the armaments of all nations, Turkey undertakes strictly to
observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow.<br><br>

SECTION I.<br><br>
MILITARY CLAUSES.<br><br>
CHAPTER I.<br>
GENERAL CLAUSES.<br>
ARTICLE 152.<br><br>

The armed force at the disposal of Turkey shall only consist of:<br><br>
 
(I) The Sultan's bodyguard;<br>
 
(2) Troops of gendarmerie, intended to maintain order and
security in the interior and to ensure the protection of minorities<br>

(3) Special elements intended for the reinforcement of the
troops of gendarmerie in case of serious trouble, and eventually
to ensure the control of the frontiers.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 153.<br><br>
             
Within six months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty, the military forces other than that provided for in
Article 152 shall be demobilised and disbanded.<br><br>

CHAPTER II.<br><br>
EFFECTIVES, ORGANISATION AND CADRES OF THE TURKISH
ARMED FORCE.<br><br>
ARTICLE 154.<br><br>

The Sultan's bodyguard shall consist of a staff and infantry
and cavalry units, the strength of which shall not exceed 700
offirers and men. This strength is not included in the total
force provided for in Article 155.<br><br>
                                                      
The composition of this guard is given in <a href="http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil1.gif"> Table 1 annexed to
this Section.</a><br><br>

ARTICLE 155.<br><br>
                                                           
The total strength of the forces enumerated in paragraphs (2)
and (3) of Article 152 shall not exceed 50,000 men, including
staffs, offficers, training personnel and depot troops.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 156.<br><br>
                                                           
The troops of gendarmerie shall be distributed over the territory of Turkey, which for this purpose will be divided into territorial areas to be delimited as provided in Article 200.<br><br>
                                              
A legion of gendarmerie, composed of mounted and unmounted troops, provided with machine guns and with administrative and medical services will be organised in each territorial
region, it will supply in the vilayets, sandjaks, cazas, etc., the
detachments necessary for the organisation of a fixed protective
service, mobile reserves being at its disposal at one or more
points within the region.<br><br>
                                              
On account of their special duties, the legions shall not include
either artillery or technical services.<br><br>
                                              
The total strength of the legions shall not exceed 35,000 men,
to be included in the total strength of the armed force provided
for in Article 155.<br><br>
                                              
The maximum strength of any one legion shall not exceed one
quarter of the total strength of the legions.<br><br>
                                              
The elements of any one legion shall not be employed outside the territory of their region, except by special authorisation
from the Inter-Allied Commission provided for in Article 200.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 157.<br><br>
                                                           
The special elements for reinforcements may include details
of infantry, cavalry, mountain artillery, pioneers and the corresponding technical and general services; their total strength
shall not exceed 15,000 men, to be included in the total strength
provided for in Article 155.<br><br>
                                              
The number of such reinforcements for any one legion shall
not exceed one third of the whole strength of these elements
without the special authority of the Inter-Allied Commission
provided for in Article 200.<br><br>
                                              
The proportion of the various arms and services entering into
the composition of these special elements is laid down in Table II annexed to this Section.<br><br>

Their quartering will be fixed as provided in Article 200.<br><br>
To<a href="http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil2.gif">Table 2</a><br><br>

ARTICLE 158.<br><br>
             
In the formations referred to in Articles 156 and 157, the proportion of officers, including the personnel of staffs and special
services, shall not exceed one twentieth of the total effectives
with the colours, and that of non-commissioned officers shall not
exceed one twelfth of the total effectives with the colours.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 159.<br><br>
             
Offficers supplied by the various Allied or neutral Powers shail
collaborate, under the direction of the Turkish Government, in
the command, the organisation and the training of the gendarmerie officers authorised by Article 158, but their number
shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of that strength. Special agreements to be drawn up by the Inter-Allied Commission mentioned in Article 200 shall fix the proportion of these offficers
according to nationality, and shall determine the conditions of
their participation in the various missions assigned to them by
this Article.<br><br>

ARTICLE 160.<br><br>
             
In any one territorial region all officers placed at the disposal
of the Turkish Government under the conditions laid down in
Article 159 shall in principle be of the same nationality.<br><br>

ARTICLE 161.<br><br>
             
In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article
178, excluding the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace
Tenedos and Mitylene, the forces o                        
Turkish, will be under the Inter-Allied Command of the forces
in occupation of that zone.<br><br>

ARTICLE 162.<br><br>
             
All measures of mobilisation, or appertaining to mobilisation
or tending to an increase of the strength or of the means of
transport of any of the forces provided for in this Chapter are
forbidden.<br><br>

The various formations, staffs and administrative services
shall not, in any case, include supplementary cadres.<br><br>

ARTICLE 163.<br><br>
                                                          
Within the period fixed by Article 153, all existing forces of
gendarmerie shall be amalgamated with the legions provided for
in Article 156.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 164.<br><br>
                                                          
The formation of any body of troops not provided for in this
Section is forbidden.<br><br>
                                             
The suppression of existing formations which are in excess of
the authorised strength of 50,000 men (not including the Sultan's
bodyguard) shall be effected progressively from the date of the
signature of the present Treaty, in such manner as to be completed within six months at the latest after the coming into
force of the Treaty, in accordance with the provisions of Article
158.<br><br>
                                             
The number of offficers, or persons in the position of offficers,
in the War Ministry and the Turkish General Staff, as well as
in the administrations attached to them, shail, within the same
period, be reduced to the establishment considered by the Commission referred to in Article 200 as strictly necessary for the
good working of the general services of the armed Turkish force,
this establishment being included in the maximum figure laid
down in Article 158.<br><br>
                                             
CHAPTER III.<br><br>
RECRUITING.<br><br>
ARTICLE 165.<br><br>
                                                          
The Turkish armed force shall in future be constituted and
recruited by voluntary enlistment only.<br><br>
                                             
Enlistment shall be open to all subjects of the Turkish State
equally, without distinction of race or religion.<br><br>
                                             
As regards the legions referred to in Article 156, their system
of recruiting shall be in principle regional, and so regulated that
the Moslem and non-Moslem elements of the population of each
region may be, so far as possible, represented on the strength of
the corresponding legion.<br><br>
                                             
The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply to offficers
as well as to men.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 166.<br><br>
                                                           
The length of engagement of non-commissioned officers and
men shall be twelve consecutive years.<br><br>

The annual replacement of men released from service for any
reason whatever before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not exceed five per cent. of the total effectives fixed hy Article 155.<br><br>

ARTICLE 167.<br><br>
             
All officers must be regulars <i>(officers de carri&egrave;re)</i>.<br><br>

Officers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie
who are retained in the new armed force must undertake to
serve at least up to the age of forty-five.<br><br>

Offficers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie who
are not admitted to the new armed force shall be definitely released from all military obligations, and must not take part in
any military exercises, theoretical or practical.<br><br>

Officers newly-appointed must undertake to serve on the
active list for at least twenty-five consecutive years.<br><br>

The annual replacement of officers leaving the service for any
cause before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not
exceed five per cent. of the total effectives of officers provided
by Article 158.<br><br>

CHAPTER IV.<br><br>
SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS, MILITARY CLASS
AND SOCIETIES<br><br>
ARTICLE 168.<br><br>

On the expiration of three months from the coming into force
of the present Treaty there must only exist in Turkey the number of military schools which is absolutely indispensable for the
recruitment of offficers and non-commissioned officers of the
units allowed, i.e.:<br><br>

school for officers;<br><br>
 
1 school per territorial region for non-commissioned officers.
<br><br>

The number of students admitted to instruction in these
schools shall be strictly in proportion to the vacancies to be
filled in the cadres of officers and non-commissioned officers.<br><br>

ARTICLE 169.<br><br>
            
Educational establishments, other than those referred to in
Article 168, as well as all sporting or other societies, must not
occupy themselves with any military matters.<br><br>
             
CHAPTER V.<br><br>
CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, LOCAL URBAN AND RURAL POLICE,
FOREST GUARDS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 170.<br><br>
                                               
Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 48, Part III
(Political Clauses), the number of customs officials, local urban
or rural police, forest guards or other like officials shall not
exceed the number of men employed in a similar capacity in
1913 within the territorial limits of Turkey as fixed by the
present Treaty.<br><br>
                                            
The number of these officials may only be increased in the
future in proportion to the increase of population in the localities
or municipalities which employ them.<br><br>
                                            
These employees and officials, as well as those employed in the railway service, must not be assembled for the purpose of taking
part in any military exercises.<br><br>
                                            
In each administrative district the local urban and rural
police and forest guards shall be recruited and officered according to the principles laid down in the case of the gendarmerie
by Article 165.<br><br>
                                            
In the Turkish police, which, as forming part of the civil administration of Turkey, will remain distinct from the Turkish
armed force, officers or officials supplied by the various Allied
or neutral Powers shall collaborate, under the direction of the
Turkish Government, in the organisation the command and
the training of the said police. The number of these officers or
officials shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the strength of similar
Turkish officers or officials.<br><br>
                                            
CHAPTER VI.<br><br>
ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS AND MATERIAL<br><br>
ARTICLE 171 .<br><br>
                                                   
On the expiration of six months from the coming into force of  the present Treaty, the armament which may be in use or held
in reserve for replacement in the various formations of the
Turkish armed force shall not exceed the figures fixed per thousand men in Table III annexed to this Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 172<br><br>
            
The stock of munitions at the disposal of Turkey shall not
exceed the amounts fixed in Table III annexed to this Section.<br><br>

ARTICLE 173.<br><br>
            
Within six months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty all existing arms, munitions of the various categories and
war material in excess of the quantities authorised shall be
handed over to the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control
provided for in Article 200 in such places as shall be appointed
by this Commission.<br><br>

The Principal Allied Powers will decide what is to be done
with this material.<br><br>

ARTICLE 174.<br><br>
             
The manufacture of arms, munitions and war material, including aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, shall
take place only in the factories or establishments authorised by
the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br>

Within six months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty all other establishments for the manufacture, preparation,
storage or design of arms, munitions or any war material shall
be abolished or converted to purely commercial uses.<br><br>

The same will apply to all arsenals other than those utilised
as depots for the authorised stocks of munitions.<br><br>

The plant of establishments or arsenals in excess of that required for the authorised manufacture shall be rendered useless
or converted to purely commercial uses, in accordance with the
decisions of the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control
referred to in Article 200.<br><br>

ARTICLE 175<br><br>
            
The importation into Turkey of arms, munitions and war
materials, including aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, is strictly forbidden, except with the special authority
of the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br>

The manufacture for foreign countries and the exportation of
arms, munitions and war material of any description is also forbidden.<br><br>

ARTICLE 176.<br><br>
                                                         
The use of flame-throwers, asphyxiating, poisonous or other
gases and all similar liquids, materials or processes being forbidden, their manufacture and importation are strictly forbidden
in Turkey.<br><br>
                                            
Material specially intended for the manufacture, storage or
use of the said products or processes is equally forbidden.<br><br>
                                            
The manufacture and importation into Turkey of armoured
cars, tanks or any other similar machines suitable for use in war
are equally forbidden.<br><br>
                                            
CHAPTER VII.<br><br>
FORTIFICATIONS<br><br>
ARTICLE 177.<br><br>
                                                        
In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178
the fortifications will be disarmed and demolished as provided
in that Article.<br><br>
                                            
Outside this zone, and subject to the provisions of Article 89,
the existing fortified works may be preserved in their present
condition, but will be disarmed within the same period of three
months.<br><br>
                                            
CHAPTER VIII.<br><br>
MAINTENANCE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE STRAITS<br><br>
ARTICLE 178.<br><br>
                                                
For the purpose of guaranteeing the freedom of the Straits,
the High Contracting Parties agree to the following provisions:<br><br>
                                            
(I) Within three months from the coming into force of the
present Treaty, all works, fortifications and batteries within the
zone defined in Article 179 and comprising the coast and islands
of the Sea of Marmora and the coast of the Straits, also those in
the Islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene, shall be disarmed and demolished.<br><br>
                                            
The reconstruction of these works and the construction of
similar works are forbidden in the above zone and islands. France,
Great Britain and Italy shall have the right to prepare for demolition any existing roads and railways in the said zone and in the
islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, and Tenedos which
allow of the rapid transport of mobile batteries, the construction
there of such roads and railways remaining forbidden.<br><br>

In the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace and Tenedos
the construction of new roads or railways must not be undertaken
except with the authority of the three Powers mentioned above.<br><br>

(2) The measures prescribed in the first paragraph of (I) shall
be executed by and at the expense of Greece and Turkey as regards their respective territories, and under control as provided in Article 203.<br><br>

(3) The territories of the zone and the islands of Lemnos,
Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos, and Mitylene shall not be used
for military purposes, except by the three Allied Powers referred
to above, acting in concert. This provision does not exclude the
employment in the said zone and islands of forces of Greek and
Turkish gendarmerie, who will be under the Inter-Allied command
of the forces of occupation, in accordance with the provisions of
Article 161, nor the maintenance of a garrison of Greek troops in
the island of Mitylene, nor the presence of the Sultan's bodyguard
referred to in Article 152.<br><br>

(4) The said Powers, acting in concert, shall have the right
to maintain in the said territories and islands such military and
air forces as they may consider necessary to prevent any action
being taken or prepared which might directly or indirectly prejudice the freedom of the Straits.<br><br>

This supervision will be carried out in naval matters by a
guard-ship belonging to each of the said Allied Powers.<br><br>

The forces of occupation referred to above may, in case of
necessity, exercise on land the right of requisition, subject to the
same conditions as those laid down in the Regulations annexed
to the Fourth Hague Convention, 1907, or any other Convention
replacing it to which all the said Powers are parties. Requisitions
shall, however, only be made against payment on the spot.<br><br>

ARTICLE 179.<br><br>
            
The zone referred to in Article 178 is defined as follows:<br><br>

(I) In Europe:<br><br>

From Karachali on the Gulf of Xeros north-eastwards,<br>

a line reaching and then following the southern boundary of
the basin of the Beylik Dere to the crest of the Kuru Dagh;<br>

then following that crest line,<br>
then a straight line passing north of Emerli, and south of Derelar,<br>
then curving north-north-eastwards and cutting the road from
Rodosto to Malgara 3 kilometres west of Ainarjik and then
passing 6 kilometres south-east of Ortaja Keui,<br>
then curving north-eastwards and cutting the road from Rodosto to Hairobolu 18 kilometres northwest of Rodosto,<br>
then to a point on the road from Muradli to Rodosto about
kilometre south of Muradli,<br>
a straight line;<br>
thence east-north-eastwards to.Yeni Keui,<br>
a straight line, modified, however, so as to pass at a minimum
distance of 2 kilometres north of the railway from Chorlu to
Chatalja;<br>
thence north-north-eastwards to a point west of Istranja,<br>
situated on the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article
27, 1 (2),<br>
a straight line leaving the village of Yeni Keui within the zone;
thence to the Black Sea,<br>
the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article 27, 1 (2).<br><br>
(2) In Asia:<br><br>

From a point to be determined by the Principal Allied Powers
between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele on the gulf of Adramid
east-north-eastwards,<br>
a line passing south of Kemer Iskele and Kemer together with
the road joining these places;<br>
then to a point immediately south of the point where the Decauville railway from Osmanlar to Urchanlar crosses the Diermen
Dere,<br>
a straight line;<br>
thence north-eastwards to Manias Geul,<br>
a line following the right bank of the Diermen Dere, and Kara
Dere Suyu;<br>
thence eastwards, the southern shore of Manias Geul;<br>
then to the point where it is crossed by the railway from Panderma to Susighirli, the course of the Kara Dere upstream;<br>
thence eastwards to a point on the Adranos Chai about
kilometres from its mouth near Kara Oghlan,<br>
a straight line;<br>
thence eastwards, the course of this river downstream
then the southern shore of Abulliont Geul;<br>
then to the point where the railway from Mudania to Brusa
crosses the Ulfer Chai, about 5 kilometres northwest of Brusa,<br>
a straight line;<br>
thence north-eastwards to the confluence of the rivers about
6 kilometres north of Brusa,<br>
the course of the Ulfer Chai downstream;<br>
thence eastwards to the southernmost point of Iznik Geul,<br>
a straight line;<br>
thence to a point 2 kilometres north of Iznik,<br>
the southern and eastern shores of this lake;<br>
thence north-eastwards to the westernmost point of Sbanaja
Geul,<br>
a line following the crest line Chirchir Chesme, Sira Dagh,<br>
Elmali Dagh, Kalpak Dagh, Ayu Tepe, Hekim Tepe;
thence northwards to a point on the road from Ismid to Armasha, 8 kilometres southwest of Armasha,<br>
a line following as far as possible the eastern boundary of the
basin of the Chojali Dere;<br>
thence to a point on the Black Sea, 2 kilometres east of the
mouth of the Akabad R,<br>
a straight line.<br><br>

ARTICLE 180.<br><br>
             
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from
the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot
the boundaries of the zone referred to in Article 178, except in
so far as these boundaries coincide with the frontier line described
in Article 27,1(2). This Commission shall be composed of three
members nominated by the military authorities of France, Great
Britain and Italy respectively, with, for the portion of the zone
placed under Greek sovereignty, one member nominated by the
Greek Government, and, for the portion of the zone remaining
under Turkish sovereignty, one member nominated by the
Turkish Government. The decisions of the Commission, which
will be taken by a majority, shall be binding on the parties concerned.
The expenses of this Commission will be included in the expenses of the occupation of the said zone.<br><br>
             
SECTION II.<br><br>

NAVAL CLAUSES.<br><br>

ARTICLE 181.<br><br>

From the coming into force of the present Treaty all warships
interned in Turkish ports in accordance with the Armistice of
October 30, 1918, are declared to be finally surrendered to the
Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>

Turkey will, however, retain the right to maintain along her
coasts for police and fishery duties a number of vessels which
shall not exceed:<br><br>

7 sloops,<br><br>
 
6 torpedo boats.<br><br>
 
These vessels will constitute the Turkish Marine, and will be
chosen by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201 from amongst the following vessels:<br><br>

SLOOPS<br><br>
<pre>
Aidan Reis.	Hizir Reis.
Burock Reis.	Kemal Reis.
Sakis.		Issa Reis.
Prevesah.
</pre>
TORPEDO-BOATS<br><br>
<pre>            
                    Sisri Hissar.         Moussoul.
                    Sultan Hissor.      Ack Hissar.
                    Drach.                Younnous.
</pre>
<br><br>

The authority established for the control of customs will be
entitled to appeal to the three Allied Powers referred to in Article
178 in order to obtain a more considerable force, if such an increase is considered indispensable for the satisfactory working of
the services concerned.<br><br>
                                             
Sloops may carry a light armament of two guns inferior to 77
m /m. and two machine guns. Torpedo-boats (or patrol launches)
may carry a light armament of one gun inferior to 77 m/m.
All the torpedoes and torpedo-tubes on board will be removed.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 182.<br><br>
                                                          
Turkey is forbidden to construct or acquire any warships
other than those intended to replace the units referred to in Article 181. Torpedo-boats shall be replaced by patrol launches.<br><br>
                                             
The vessels intended for replacement purposes shall not exceed:
600 tons in the case of sloops;<br><br>
                                              
l00 tons in the case of patrol launches.<br><br>
                                              
Except where a ship has been lost, sloops and torpedo-boats
shall only be replaced after a period of twenty years, counting
from the launching of the ship.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 183.<br><br>
                                                          
The Turkish armed transports and fleet auxiliaries enumerated
below shall be disarmed and treated as merchant ships:<br><br>
                                             
<i>Rechid Pasha</i> (late <i>Port Antonio</i>).<br>
                                              
<i>Tir-i-Mujghion </i>(late<i> Pembroke Castle</i>).<br>
                                              
<i>Kiresund</i> (late <i>Warwick Castle</i>).<br>
                                              
<i>Millet</i> (late <i>Seagull</i>).<br>
                                              
<i>Akdeniz.</i>
                                              
Bosphorus ferry-boats Nos. 60, 61, 63 and 70.<br><br>

ARTICLE 184.<br><br>
                                                          
All warships, including submarines, now under construction in
Turkey shall be broken up, with the exception of such surface
vessels as can be completed for commercial purposes.<br><br>
                                             
The work of breaking up these vessels shall be commenced
on the coming into force of the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 185.<br><br>
                                                          
Articles, machinery and material arising from the breaking up
of Turkish warships of all kinds, whether surface vessels or submarines, may not be used except for purely industrial or commercial purposes. They may not be sold or disposed of to foreign countries.<br><br>

ARTICLE 186.<br><br>
             
The construction or acquisition of any submarine, even for
commercial purposes, shall be forbidden in Turkey.<br><br>

ARTICLE 187.<br><br>
             
The vessels of the Turkish Marine enumerated in Article 181
must have on board or in reserve only the allowance of war
material and armaments fixed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201. Within a month
from the time when the above quantities are fixed all armaments
rmunitions or other naval war material including mines and torpedoes, belonging to Turkey at the time of the signing of the
Armistice of October 30, 1918, must be definitely surrendered to
the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>

The manufacture of these articles in Turkish territory for, and
their export to, foreign countries shall be forbidden.<br><br>

All other stocks, depots or reserves of arms, munitions or naval
war material of all kinds are forbidden.<br><br>

ARTICLE 188.<br><br>
         
The Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control will fix the
number of officers and men of all grades and corps to be admitted
in accordance with the provisions of Article 189, into the Turkish
Marine. This number will include the personnel for manning the
ships left to Turkey in accordance with Article 181, and the administrative personnel of the police and fisheries protection services and of the semaphore stations.<br><br>

Within two months from the time when the above number is
fixed, the personnel of the former Turkish Navy in excess of this
number shall be demobilised.
<br><br>

No naval or military corps or reserve force in connection with
the Turkish Marine may be organised in Turkey without being
included in the above strength.<br><br>

ARTICLE 189.<br><br>
             
The personnel of the Turkish Marine shall be recuited entirely
by voluntary engagements entered into for a minimum period of
twenty-five consecutive years for officers, and twelve consecutive
years for petty officers and men.<br><br>
                                             
The number engaged to replace those discharged for any reason other than the expiration of their term of service must not
exceed five per cent. per annum of the total personnel fixed by
the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control.<br><br>
                                             
The personnel discharged from the former Turkish Navy must
not receive any kind of naval or military training.<br><br>
                                             
Officers belonging to the former Turkish Navy and not demobilised must undertake to serve till the age of forty-five, unless
discharged for sufficient reason.<br><br>
                                             
Officers and men belonging to the Turkish mercantile marine
must not receive any kind of naval or military training.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 190.<br><br>
                                                          
On the coming into force of the present Treaty all the wireless
stations in the zone referred to in Article 178 shall be handed
over to the Principal Allied Powers. Greece and Turkey shall
not construct any wireless stations in the said zone.<br><br>
                                             
SECTION III.<br><br>
AIR CLAUSES.<br><br>
ARTICLE 19l.<br><br>
                                                         
The Turkish armed forces must not include any military or
naval air forces.<br><br>
                                              
No dirigible shall be kept.<br><br>
                                               
ARTICLE 192.<br><br>
                                                           
Within two months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty the personnel of the air forces on the rolls of the Turkish
land and sea forces shall be demobilised.<br><br>
                                              
ARTICLE 193.<br><br>
                                                           
Until the complete evacuation of Turkish territory by the
Allied troops, the aircraft of the Allied Powers shall have throughout Turkish territory freedom of passage through the air, freedom
of transit and of landing.<br><br>

ARTICLE 194.<br><br>
             
During the six months following the coming into force of the
present Treaty the manufacture, importation and exportation
of aircraft of every kind, parts of aircraft, engines for aircraft
and parts of engines for aircraft shall be forbidden in all Turkish
territory.<br><br>

ARTICLE 195.<br><br>
             
On the coming into force of the present Treaty all military and
naval aeronautical material must be delivered by Turkey, at her
own expense, to the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>

Delivery must be completed within six months and must be
effected at such places as may be appointed by the Aeronautical
Inter-Allied Commission of Control. The Governments of the
Principal Allied Powers will decide as to the disposal of this
material.<br><br>

In particular, this material will include all items under the
following heads which are or have been in use or were designed
for warlike purposes.<br><br>

Complete aeroplanes and seaplanes, as well as those being
manufactured, repaired or assembled.<br><br>

Dirigibles able to take the air, being manufactured, repaired
or assembled.<br><br>

Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen.<br><br>
 
Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind for aircraft.<br><br>
 
Pending their delivery, dirigibles will, at the expense of Turkey
be maintained inflated with hydrogen; the plant for the manufacture of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigibles, may, at
the discretion of the said Powers, be left to Turkey until the
dirigibles are handed over.<br><br>

Engines for aircraft.<br><br>
 
Nacelles and fuselages.<br><br>
 
Armament (guns, machine-guns, light machine-guns, bombdropping apparatus, torpedo-dropping apparatus, synchronising
apparatus, aiming apparatus).<br><br>

Munitions (cartridges, shells, bombs loaded or unloaded, stocks
of explosives or of material for their manufacture).<br><br>

Instruments for use on aircraft.<br><br>

Wireless apparatus and photographic and cinematographic
apparatus for use on aircraft.<br><br>

Component parts of any of the items under the preceding heads.<br><br>

All aeronautical material of whatsoever description in Turkey
shall be considered primdfocie as war material, and as such may
not be exported, transferred, lent, used or destroyed, but must
remain on the spot until such time as the Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 202 has given
a decision as to its nature; this Commission will be exclusively
entitled to decide all such points.<br><br>
                                            
SECTION IV.<br><br>

INTER-ALLIED COMMISSIONS OF CONTROL AND
ORGANISATION.<br><br>
ARTICLE 196.<br><br>
                                              
Subject to any special provisions in this Part, the military,
naval and air clauses contained in the present Treaty shall be
executed by Turkey and at her expense under the control of
Inter-Allied Commissions appointed for this purpose by the
Principal Allied Powers.<br><br>
                                            
The above-mentioned Commissions will represent the Principal Allied Powers in dealing with the Turkish Government in
all matters relating to the execution of the military, naval or air
clauses. They will communicate to the Turkish authorities the
decisions which the Principal Allied Powers have reserved the
right to take, or which the execution of the said clauses may
necessitate.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 197.<br><br>
                                                          
The Inter-Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation
may establish their organisations at Constantinople, and will be
entitled, as often as they think desirable, to proceed to any point
whatever in Turkish territory, or to send sub-commissions, or to
authorise one or more of their members to go, to any such point.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 198.<br><br>
                                                          
The Turkish Government must furnish to the Inter-Allied
Commissions of Control and Organisation all such information
and documents as the latter may deem necessary for the accomplishment of their mission, and must supply at its own expense
all labour and material which the said Commissions may require
in order to ensure the complete execution of the military, naval
or air clauses.<br><br>

The Turkish Government shall attach a qualified representative to each Commission for the purpose of receiving all communications which the Commission may have to address to the
Turkish Government, and of supplying or procuring for the Commission all information or documents which may be required.<br><br>

ARTICLE 199.<br><br>
             
The upkeep and cost of the Inter-Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation and the expenses incurred by their work
shall be borne by Turkey.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 200.<br><br>
             
The Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control and Organisation will be entrusted on the one hand with the supervision of
the execution of tbe military clauses relating to the reduction
of the Turkish forces within the authorised limits, the delivery
of arms and war material prescribed in Chapter VI of Section I
and the disarmament of the fortified regions prescribed in Chapters VII and VIII of that Section, and on the other hand with
the organisation and the control of the employment of the new
Turkish armed force.<br><br>

(l) As the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control it
will be its special duty:<br><br>

(a) To fix the number of customs officials, local urban and
rural police, forest guards and other like officials which Turkey
will be authorised to maintain in accordance with Article 170.<br><br>

(b) To receive from the Turkish Government the notifications
relating to the location of the stocks and depots of munitions, the
armament of the fortified works, fortresses and forts, the situation of the works or factories for the production of arms, munitions and war material and their operations.<br><br>

(c) To take delivery of the arms, munitions, war material and
plant intended for manufacture of the same, to select the points
where such delivery is to be effected, and to supervise the works
of rendering things useless and of conversion provided for by the
present Treaty.
<br><br>

(2) As the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Organisation
it will be its special duty:<br><br>

(a) To proceed, in collaboration with the Turkish Government,
with the organisation of the Turkish armed force upon the basis
laid down in Chapters I to IV, Section I of this Part, with the
delimitation of the territorial regions provided for in Article 156,
and with the distribution of the troops of gendarmerie and the
special elements for reinforcement between the different territorial regions;<br><br>
                                            
(b) To control the conditions for the employment, as laid down
in Articles 156 and I57, of these troops of gendarmerie and these
elements, and to decide what effect shall be given to requests of
the Turkish Government for the provisional modification of the
normal distribution of these forces determined in conformity with
the said Articles;<br><br>
                                             
(c) To determine the proportion by nationality of the Allied
and neutral officers to be engaged to serve in the Turkish gendarmerie under the conditions laid down in Article 159, and to lay
down the conditions under which they are to participate in the
different duties provided for them in the said Article.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 201.<br><br>

It will be the special duty of the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control to visit the building yards and to supervise the
breaking-up of the ships, to take delivery of the arms, munitions
and naval war material and to supervise their destruction and
breaking up.<br><br>
                                             
The Turkish Government must furnish to the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control all such information and documents
as the latter may deem necessary to ensure the complete execution
of the naval clauses, in particular the designs of the warships, the
composition of their armaments, the details and models of the
guns, munitions, torpedoes, mines, explosives, wireless telegraphic
apparatus and in general everything relating to naval war
material, as well as all legislative or administrative documents
and regulations.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 202.<br><br>
                                                          
It will be the special duty of the Aeronautical Inter-Allied
Commission of Control to make an inventory of the aeronautical
material now in the hands of the Turkish Government, to inspect
aeroplane, balloon and motor manufactories and factories producing arms, munitions and explosives capable of being used by
aircraft, to visit all aerodromes, sheds, landing grounds, parks
and depots on Turkish territory, to arrange, if necessary, for
the removal of material and to take delivery of such material.<br><br>

The Turkish Government must furnish to the Aeronautical
Inter-Allied Commission of Control all such information and
legislative, administrative or other documents as the Commission
may consider necessary to ensure the complete execution of the
air clauses, and in particular a list of the personnel belonging to
all the Turkish air services and of the existing material as well
as of that in process of manufacture or on order, and a complete
list of all establishments working for aviation, of their positions,
and of all sheds and landing grounds.<br><br>

ARTICLE 203.<br><br>
             
The Military, Naval and Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commissions of Control will appoint representatives who will be jointly
responsible for controlling the execution of the operations provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 178.<br><br>

ARTICLE 204.<br><br>
             
Pending the definitive settlement of the political status of the
territories referred to in Article 89, the decisions of the Inter-
Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation will be subject
to any modifications which the said Commissions may consider
necessary in consequence of such settlement.<br><br>

ARTICLE 205.<br><br>
             
The Naval and Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commissions of
Control will cease to operate on the completion of the tasks
assigned to them respectively by Articles 201 and 202.<br><br>

The same will apply to the section of the Military Inter-Allied
Commission entrusted with the functions of control prescribed in
Article 200 (1).<br><br>

The section of the said Commission entrusted with the organisation of the new Turkish armed force as provided in Article 200
(2) will operate for five years from the coming into force of the
present Treaty. The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right
to decide, at the end of this period, whether it is desirable to maintain or suppress this section of the said Commission.<br><br>

SECTION V.<br><br>
GENERAL PROVISIONS.<br><br>
ARTICLE 206.<br><br>
                                                      
The following portions of the Armistice of October 30, 1918:
Articles 7, 10, 12, 13 and 24 remain in force so far as they are not
inconsistent with the provisions of the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 207.<br><br>
                                                          
Turkey undertakes from the coming into force of the present
Treaty not to accredit to any foreign country any military,
naval or air mission, and not to send or allow the departure of
such mission; she undertakes, moreover, to take the necessary
steps to prevent Turkish nationals from leaving her territory in
order to enlist in the army, fleet or air service of any foreign
Power, or to be attached thereto with the purpose of helping
in its training, or generally to give any assistance to the military,
naval or air instruction in a foreign country.<br><br>
                                             
The Allied Powers undertake on their part that from the coming into force of the present Treaty they will neither enlist in
their armies, fleets or air services nor attach to them any Turkish
national with the object of helping in military training, or in
general employ any Turkish national as a military, naval or air
instructor.<br><br>
                                             
The present provision does not, however, affect the right of
France to recruit for the Foreign Legion in accordance with
French military laws and regulations.<br><br>

       
PART VI.<br><br>
PRISONERS OF WAR AND GRAVES.<br><br>
SECTION I.<br><br>
PRISONERS OF WAR.<br><br>
ARTICLE 208.<br><br>

The repatriation of Turkish prisoners of war and interned
civilians who have not already been repatriated shall continue
as quickly as possible after the coming into force of the present
Treaty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 209.<br><br>
             
From the time of their delivery into the hands of the Turkish
authorities, the prisoners of war and interned civilians are to be
returned without delay to their homes by the said authorities.<br><br>

Those among them who, before the war, were habitually resident in territory occupied by the troops of the Allied Powers are
likewise to be sent to their homes, subject to the consent and
control of the military authorities of the Allied armies of occupation.<br><br>

ARTICLE 210.<br><br>
            
The whole cost of repatriation from October 30, 1918, shall
be borne by the Turkish Government.<br><br>

ARTICLE 211.<br><br>
            
Prisoners of war and interned civilians awaiting disposal or
undergoing sentence for offences against discipline shall be repatriated irrespective of the completion of their sentence or of the
proceedings pending against them.<br><br>

This stipulation shall not apply to prisoners of war and interned civilians punished for offences committed subsequent to
June 15, 1920.<br><br>

During the period pending their repatriation, all prisoners of
war and interned civilians shall remain subject to the existing
regulations, more especially as regards work and discipline.<br><br>

ARTICLE 212.<br><br>
                                                    
Prisoners of war and interned civilians who are awaiting trial
or undergoing sentence for offences other than those against
discipline may be detained.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 213.<br><br>
                                                         
The Turkish Government undertakes to admit to its territory
without distinction all persons liable to repatriation.<br><br>
                                            
Prisoners of war or Turkish nationals who do not desire to be
repatriated may be excluded from repatriation; but the Allied
Governments reserve to themselves the right either to repatriate
them or to take them to a neutral country or to allow them to
reside in their own territories.<br><br>
                                            
The Turkish Government undertakes not to institute any exceptional proceedings against these persons or their families nor
to take any repressive or vexatious measures of any kind whatsoever against them on this account.<br><br

ARTICLE 214.<br><br>
                                                          
The Allied Governments reserve the right to make the repatriation of Turkish prisoners of war or Turkish nationals in their
hands conditional upon the immediate notification and release
by the Turkish Government of any prisoners of war and other
nationals of the Allied Powers who are still held in Turkey against
their will.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 2I5.<br><br>
                                                          
The Turkish Government undertakes:<br><br>
                                              
(I) To give every facility to Commissions entrusted by the
Allied Powers with the search for the missing or the identification of Allied nationals who have expressed their desire to remain
in Turkish territory; to furnish such Commissions with all
necessary means of transport; to allow them access to camps,
prisons, hospitals and all other places; and to place at their disposal all documents whether public or private which would
facilitate their enquiries;<br><br>
                                             
(2) To impose penalties upon any Turkish officials or private
persons who have concealed the presence of any nationals of any
of the Allied Powers, or who have neglected to reveal the presence
of any such after it had come to their knowledge;<br><br>
                                             
(3) To facilitate the establishing of criminal acts punishable
by the penalties referred to in Part VII (Penalties) of the present
Treaty and committed by Turks against the persons of prisoners
of war or Allied nationals during the war.
<br><br>

ARTICLE 216.<br><br>
             
The Turkish Govermnent undertakes to restore without delay
from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty all
articles, equipment, arms, money, securities, documents and
personal effects of every description which have belonged to
officers, soldiers or sailors or other nationals of the Allied Powers
and which have been retained by the Turkish authorities.<br><br>

ARTICLE 217.<br><br>
             
The High Contracting Parties waive reciprocally all repayment
of sums due for the maintenance of prisoners of war in their
respective territories.<br><br>

SECTION II.<br><br>
GRAVES.<br><br>
ARTICLE 218.<br><br>
            
The Turkish Government shall transfer to the British, French
and Italian Governments respectively full and exclusive rights
of ownership over the land within the boundaries of Turkey as
fixed by the present Treaty in which are situated the graves of
their soldiers and sailors who fell in action or died from wounds,
accident or disease, as well as over the land required for laying
out cemeteries or erecting memorials to these soldiers and sailors,
or providing means of access to such cemeteries or memorials.<br><br>

The Greek Government undertakes to fulfil the same obligation
so far as concerns the portion of the zone of the Straits and the
islands placed under its sovereignty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 219.<br><br>
             
Within six months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty the British, French and Italian Governments will respectively notify to the Turkish Government and the Greek Government the land of which the ownership is to be transferred to
them in accordance with Article 218. The British, French and
Italian Governments will each have the right to appoint a Commission, which shall be exclusively entitled to examine the areas
where burials have or may have taken place, and to make suggestions with regard to the re-grouping of graves and the sites
where cemeteries are eventually to be established. The Turkish
Government and the Greek Government may be represented on
these Commissions, and shall give them all assistance in carrying
out their mission.<br><br>

The said land will include in particular the land in the Gallipoli
Peninsula shown on map No. 3 [see Introduction]; the limits of this
land will be notified to the Greek Government as provided in the
preceding paragraph. The Government in whose favour the transfer is made undertakes not to employ the land, nor to allow it to
be employed, for any purpose other than that to which it is dedicated. The shore may not be employed for any military, marine
or commercial purpose.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 220.<br><br>
                                                          
Any necessary legislative or administrative measures for the
transfer to the British, French and Italian Governments respectively of full and exclusive rights of ownership over the land
notified in accordance with Article 219 shall be taken by the
Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively
within six months from the date of such notification. If any
compulsory acquisition of the land is necessary it will be effected
by, and at the cost of, the Turkish Government or the Greek
Government, as the case may be.<br><br>
                                             
ARTICLE 221.<br><br>
                                                          
The British, French and Italian Governments may respectively entrust f gendarmerie, Greek and
Turkish, will be under the I
deem fit the establishment, arrangement, maintenance and care
of the cemeteries, memorials and graves situated in the land
referred to in Article 218.<br><br>
                                             
These Commissions or organisations shall be officially recognised by the Turkish Government and the Greek Government
respectively. They shall have the right to undertake any exhumations or removal of bodies which they may consider necessary in order to concentrate the graves and establish cemeteries;
the remains of soldiers or sailors may not be exhumed, on any
pretext whatever, without the authority of the Commission or
organisation of the Government concerned.<br><br>

ARTICLE 222.<br><br>
            
The land referred to in this Section shall not be subjected by
Turkey or the Turkish authorities, or by Greece or the Greek
authorities, as the case may be, to any form of taxation. Representatives of the British, French or Italian Governments, as
well as persons desirous of visiting the cemeteries, memorials
and graves, shall at all times have free access thereto. The
Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively
undertake to maintain in perpetuity the roads leading to the
said land.<br><br>

The Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively undertake to afford to the British, French and Italian
Governments all necessary facilities for obtaining a sufficient
water supply for the requirements of the staff engaged in the
maintenance or protection of the said cemeteries or memorials,
and for the irrigation of the land.<br><br>

ARTICLE 223.<br><br>
            
The provisions of this Section do not affect the Turkish or
Greek sovereignty, as the case may be, over the land transferred.
The Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively shall take all the necessary measures to ensure the punishment of persons subject to their jurisdiction who may be guilty
of any violation of the rights conferred on the Allied Governments, or of any desecration of the cemeteries, memorials or
graves.<br><br>

ARTICLE 224.<br><br>
             
Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Section, the
Allied Governments and the Turkish Government will cause to
be respected and maintained the graves of soldiers and sailors
buried in their respective territories, including any territories for
which they may hold a mandate in conformity with the Covenant of the League of Nations.<br><br>

ARTICLE 225.<br><br>
             
The graves of prisoners of war and interned civilians who are
nationals of the different belligerent States and have died in
captivity shall be properly maintained in accordance with

Article 224.<br><br>
                                            
The Allied Governments on the one hand and the Turkish
Government on the other reciprocally undertake also to furnish
to each other:<br><br>
                                            
(1) A complete list of those who have died, together with all
information useful for identification<br><br>
                                            
(2) All information as to the number and position of the graves of all those who have been buried without identification.
<br><br>

PART VII.<br><br>
PENALTIES.<br><br>
ARTICLE 226.<br><br>
            
The Turkish Government recognises the right of the Allied
Powers to bring before military tribunals persons accused of
having committed acts in violation of the laws and customs of
war. Such persons shall, if found guilty, be sentenced to punishments laid down by law. This provision will apply notwithstanding any proceedings or prosecution before a tribunal in Turkey.
or in the territory of her allies.<br><br>

The Turkish Government shall hand over to the Allied Powers
or to such one of them as shall so request all persons accused of
having committed an act in violation of the laws and customs of
war, who are specified either by name or by the rank, office or
employment which they held under the Turkish authorities.<br><br>

ARTICLE 227.<br><br>
            
Persons guilty of criminal acts against the nationals of one
of the Allied Powers shall be brought before the military tribunals
of that Power.<br><br>

Persons guilty of criminal acts against the nationals of more
than one of the Allied Powers shall be brought before military
tribunals composed of members of the military tribunals of the
Powers concerned.<br><br>

In every case the accused shall be entitled to name his own
counsel.<br><br>

ARTICLE 228.<br><br>
            
The Turkish Government undertakes to furnish all documents
and information of every kind, the production of which may be
considered necessary to ensure the full knowledge of the incriminating acts, the prosecution of offenders and the just appreciation of responsibility.<br><br>

ARTICLE 229.<br><br>
            
The provisions of Articles 226 to 228 apply similarly to the
Governments of the States to which territory belonging to the
former Turkish Empire has been or may be assigned, in so far as
concerns persons accused of having committed acts contrary to
the laws and customs of war who are in the territory or at the
disposal of such States.<br><br>
                                            
If the persons in question have acquired the nationality of one
of the said States, the Government of such State undertakes to
take, at the request of the Power concerned and in agreement
with it, or upon the joint request of all the Allied Powers, all the
measures necessary to ensure the prosecution and punishment of
such persons.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 230.<br><br>
                                                         
The Turkish Government undertakes to hand over to the
Allied Powers the persons whose surrender may be required by
the latter as being responsible for the massacres committed
during the continuance of the state of war on territory which
formed part of the Turkish Empire on August 1, 1914.<br><br>
                                            
The Allied Powers reserve to themselves the right to designate
the tribunal which shall try the persons so accused, and the
Turkish Government undertakes to recognise such tribunal.<br><br>
                                            
In the event of the League of Nations having created in sufficient time a tribunal competent to deal with the said massacres,
the Allied Powers reserve to themselves the right to bring the
accused persons mentioned above before such tribunal, and
the Turkish Government undertakes equally to recognise such
tribunal.<br><br>
                                            
The provisions of Article 228 apply to the cases dealt with in
this Article.
<br><br>

PART VIII.<br><br>
FINANCIAL CLAUSES.<br><br>
ARTICLE 231.<br><br>
         
Turkey recognises that by joining in the war of aggression
which Germany and Austria-Hungary waged against the Allied
Powers she has caused to the latter losses and sacrifices of all
kinds for which she ought to make complete reparation.<br><br>

On the other hand, the Allied Powers recognise that the
resources of Turkey are not sufficient to enable her to make
complete reparation.<br><br>

In these circumstances, and inasmuch as the territorial rearrangements resulting from the present Treaty will leave to
Turkey only a portion of the revenues of the former Turkish
Empire, all claims against the Turkish Government for reparation are waived by the Allied Powers, subject only to the provisions of this Part and of Part IX (Economic Clauses) of the
present Treaty.<br><br>

The Allied Powers, desiring to afford some measure of relief
and assistance to Turkey, agree with the Turkish Government
that a Financial Commission shall be appointed consisting of
one representative of each of the following Allied Powers who are
specially interested, France, the British Empire and Italy, with
whom there shall be associated a Turkish Commissioner in a
consultative capacity. The powers and duties of this Commission
are set forth in the following Articles.<br><br>

ARTICLE 232.<br><br>
            
The Financial Commission shall take such steps as in its judgment are best adapted to conserve and increase the resources of
Turkey.
<br><br>

The Budget to be presented annually by the Minister of Finance to the Turkish Parliament shall be submitted, in the first
instance, to the Financial Commission, and shall be presented to
Parliament in the form approved by that Commission. No
modification introduced by Parliament shall be operative without
the approval of the Financial Commission.<br><br>

The Financial Commission shall supervise the execution of the
Budget and the financial laws and regulations of Turkey. This
supervision shall be exercised through the medium of the Turkish
Inspectorate of Finance, which shall be placed under the direct
orders of the Financial Commission, and whose members will
only be appointed with the approval of the Commission.<br><br>
                                            
The Turkish Government undertakes to furnish to this Inspectorate all facilities necessary for the fulfilment of its task, and to
take such action against unsuitable officials in the Financial
Departments of the Government as the Financial Commission
may suggest.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 233.<br><br>
                                                         
The Financial Commission shall, in addition, in agreement
with the Council of the Ottoman Public Debt and the Imperial
Ottoman Bank, undertake by such means as may be recognised
to be opportune and equitable the regulation and improvement
of the Turkish currency.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 234.<br><br>
                                                         
The Turkish Government undertakes not to contract any
internal or external loan without the consent of the Financial
Commission.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 235.<br><br>
                                                         
The Turkish Government engages to pay, in accordance with
the provisions of the present Treaty, for all loss or damage, as
defined in Article 236, suffered by civilian nationals of the Allied
Powers, in respect of their persons or property, through the
action or negligence of the Turkish authorities during the war
and up to the coming into force of the present Treaty.<br><br>
                                            
The Turkish Government will be bound to make to the European Commission of the Danube such restitutions, reparations
and indemnities as may be fixed by the Financial Commission
in respect of damages inHicted on the said European Commission
of the Danube during the war.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 236.<br><br>
                                                         
All the resources of Turkey, except revenues conceded or
hypothecated to the service of the Ottoman Public Debt (see
Annex 1), shall be placed at the disposal of the Financial Commission, which shall employ them, as need arises, in the following
manner:<br><br>

(i) The first charge (after payment of the salaries and current
expenses of the Financial Commission, and of the ordinary
expenses of such Allied forces of occupation as may be maintained
after the coming into force of the present Treaty in territories
remaining Turkish) shall be the expenses of the Allied forces of
occupation since October 30, 1918, in territory remaining Turkish,
and the expenses of Allied forces of occupation in territories
detached from Turkey in favour of a Power other than the
Power which has borne the expenses of occupation.<br><br>

The amount of these expenses and of the annuities by which
they shall be discharged will be determined by the Financial
Commission, which will so arrange the annuities as to enable
Turkey to meet any deficiency that may arise in the sums
required to pay that part of the interest on the Ottoman Public
Debt for which Turkey remains responsible in accordance with
this Part.<br><br>

(ii) The second charge shall be the indemnity which the
Turkish Government is to pay, in accordance with Article 235,
on account of the claims of the Allied Powers for loss or damage
suffered in respect of their persons or property by their nationals,
(other than those who were Turkish nationals on August 1, 1914)
as defined in Article 317, Part IX (Economic Clauses), through
the action or negligence of the Turkish authorities during the
war, due regard being had to the financial condition of Turkey
and the necessity for providing for the essential expenses of its
administration. The Financial Commission shall adjudicate
on and provide for payment of all claims in respect of personal
damage. The claims in respect to property shall be investigated,
determined and paid in accordance with Article 287, Part IX
(Economic Clauses). The Financial Commission shall fix the
annuity to be applied to the settlement of claims in respect of
persons as well as in respect of property, should the funds at
the disposal of the Allied Powers in accordance with the said
Article 287, be insufficient to meet this charge, and shall determine the currency in which the annuity shall be paid.<br><br>

ARTICLE 237<br><br>
            
Any hypothecation of Turkish revenues effected during the
war in respect of obligations (including the internal debt) contracted by the Turkish Government during the war is hereby
annulled.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 238.<br><br>
                                                         
Turkey recognises the transfer to the Allied Powers of any
claims to payment or repayment which Germany, Austria,
Bulgaria or Hungary may have against her, in accordance with
Article 261 of the Treaty of Peace concluded at Versailles on
June 28, 19l9, with Germany, and the corresponding Articles of
the Treaties of Peace with Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary.
The Allied Powers agree not to require from Turkey any pay ment in respect of claims so transferred.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 239.<br><br>
                                                         
No new concession shall be granted by the Turkish Government either to a Turkish subject or otherwise without the consent of the Financial Commission.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 240.<br><br>
                                                         
States in whose favour territory is detached from Turkey shall
acquire without payment all property and possessions situated
therein registered in the name of the Turkish Empire or of the
Civil List.<br><br>

ARTICLE 241.<br><br>
                                                         
States in whose favour territory has been detached from
Turkey, either as a result of the Balkan Wars in 1913, or under
the present Treaty, shall participate in the annual charge for the
service of the Ottoman Public Debt contracted before November 1, 1914.<br><br>
                                             
The Governments of the States of the Balkan Peninsula and
the newly-created States in Asia in favour of whom such territory
has been or is detached from Turkey shall give adequate guarantees for the payment of the share of the above annual charge
allotted to them respectively.<br><br>
                                            
ARTICLE 242.<br><br>
                                                         
For the purposes of this Part, the Ottoman Public Debt shall
be deemed to consist of the Debt heretofore governed by the
Decree of Mouharrem, together with such other loans as are
enumerated in Annex I to this Part.<br><br>

Loans contracted before November 1, 1914, will be taken into
account in the distribution of the Ottoman Public Debt between
Turkey, the States of the Balkan Peninsula and the new States
set up in Asia.<br><br>

This distribution shall be effected in the following manner:<br><br>

(I) Annuities arising from loans prior to October 17, 19l2
(Balkan Wars), shall be distributed between Turkey and the
Balkan States, including Albania, which receive or have received
any Turkish territory.<br><br>

(2) The residue of the annuities for which Turkey remains
liable after this distribution, together with those arising from
loans contracted by Turkey between October 17, 19l2, and
November 1, 1914, shall be distributed between Turkey and the
States in whose favour territory is detached from Turkey under
the present Treaty.<br><br>

ARTICLE 243<br><br>
            
The general principle to be adopted in determining the amount
of the annuity to be paid by each State will be as follows:<br><br>

The amount shall bear the same ratio to the total required
for the service of the Debt as the average revenue of the transferred territory bore to the average revenue of the whole of
Turkey (including in each case the yield of the Customs surtax
imposed in the year 1907) over the three financial years 1909-10, 1910-11, and 1911-12.<br><br>

ARTICLE 244<br><br>
             
The Financial Commission shall, as soon as possible after the
coming into force of the present Treaty, determine in accordance
with the principle laid down in Article 243 the amount of the
annuities referred to in that Article, and communicate its decisions in this respect to the High Contracting Parties.
<br><br>

The Financial Commission shall fulfil the functions provided
for in Article 134 of the Treaty of Peace concluded with Bulgaria
on November 27, 19l9.<br><br>

ARTICLE 245.<br><br>
             
The annuities assessed in the manner above provided will be
payable as from the date of the coming into force of the Treaties
by which the respective territories were detached from Turkey,
and, in the case of territories detached under the present Treaty
from March 1, 1920; they shall continue to be payable (except
as provided by Article 252) until the final liquidation of the
Debt. They shall, however, be proportionately reduced as the
loans constituting the Debt are successively extinguished.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 246.<br><br>
                                                        
The Turkish Government transfers to the Financial Commission all its rights under the provisions of the Decree of Mouharrem
and subsequent Decrees.<br><br>
                                           
The Council of the Ottoman Public Debt shall consist of the
British, French and Italian delegates, and of the representative
of the Imperial Ottoman Bank, and shall continue to operate as
heretofore. It shall administer and levy all revenues conceded
to it under the Decree of Mouharrem and all other revenues the
management of which has been entrusted to it in accordance
with any other loan contracts previous to November 1, 1914.<br><br>
                                           
The Allied Powers authorise the Council to give administrative assistance to the Turkish Ministry of Finance, under such
conditions as may be determined by the Financial Commission
with the object of realising as far as possible the following programme:<br><br>
                                           
The system of direct levy of certain revenues by the existing
Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt shall, within limits
to be prescribed by the Financial Commission, be extended as
widely as possible and applied throughout the provinces remaining Turkish. On each new creation of revenue or of indirect
taxes approved by the Financial Commission, the Commission
shal consider thepossibility of entrusting the administration
thereof to the Council of the Debt for the account of the Turkish
Government.<br><br>
                                           
The administration of the Customs shall be under a Director-General appointed by and revocable by the Financial Commission and answerable to it. No change in the schedule of the
Customs charges shall be made except with the approval of the
Financial Commission.<br><br>
                                           
The Governments of France, Great Britain and Italy will
decide, by a majority and after consulting the bondholders
whether the Council should be maintained or replaced by the
Financial Commission or the expiry of the present term of the
Council. The decision of the Governments shall be taken at
least six months before the date corresponding to the expiry of
this period.<br><br>

ARTICLE 247.<br><br>
             
The Commission has authority to propose, at a later date, the
substitution for the pledges at present granted to bondholders, in
accordance with their contracts or existing decrees, of other
adequate pledges, or of a charge on the general revenues of
Turkey. The Allied Governments undertake to consider any
proposals the Financial Commission might then have to make
on this subject.<br><br>

ARTICLE 248.<br><br>
             
All property, movable and immovable, belonging to the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt, wherever situate,
shall remain integrally at the disposal of that body.<br><br>

The Council of the Debt shall have power to apply the value
of any realised property for the purpose of extraordinary amortisation either of the Unified Debt or of the Lots Turcs.<br><br>

ARTICLE 249.<br><br>
            
The Turkish Government agrees to transfer to the Financial
Commission all its rights in the Reserve Funds and the Tripoli
Indemnity Fund.<br><br>

ARTICLE 250.<br><br>
            
A sum equal to the arrears of any revenues heretofore affected
to the service of the Ottoman Public Debt within the territories
remaining Turkish, which should have been but have not been
paid to the Council of the Debt, shall (except where such territories have been in the military occupation of Allied forces and
for the time of such occupation) be paid to the Council of the
Debt by the Turkish Government as soon as in the opinion of
the Financial Commission the financial condition of Turkey
shall permit.<br><br>

ARTICLE 251.<br><br>
            
The Council of the Debt shall review all the transactions of
the Council which have taken place during the war. Any disbursements made by the Council which were not in accordance
with its powers and duties, as defined by the Decree of Mouharrem or otherwise before the war, shall be reimbursed to the
Council of the Debt by the Turkish Government so soon as in
the opinion of the Financial Commission such payment is possible.
The Council shall have power to review any action on the part
of the Council during the war, and to annul any obligation which
in its opinion is prejudicial to the interests of the bondholders,
and which was not in accordance with the powers of the Council
of the Debt.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 252.<br><br>
                                                        
Any of the States which under the present Treaty are to contribute to the annual charge for the service of the Ottoman
Public Debt may, upon giving six months' notice to the Council
of the Debt, redeem such obligation by payment of a sum representing the value of such annuity capitalised at such rate of
interest as may be agreed between the State concerned and the
Council of the Debt. The Council of the Debt shall not have
power to require such redemption.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 253.<br><br>
                                                        
The sums in gold to be transferred by Germany and Austria
under the provisions of Article 259 (1), (2), (4) and (7) of the
Treaty of Peace with Germany, and under Article 210 (1) of the
Treaty of Peace with Austria, shall be placed at the disposal of
the Financial Commission.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 254.<br><br>
                                                        
The sums to be transferred by Germany in accordance with
Article 259 (3) of the Treaty of Peace with Germany shall be
placed forthwith at the disposal of the Council of the Debt.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 255.<br><br>
                                                        
The Turkish Government undertakes to accept any decision
that may be taken by the Allied Powers, in agreement when
necessary with other Powers, regarding the funds of the Ottoman Sanitary Administration and the former Superior Council
of Health, and in respect of the claim of the Superior Council of
Health against the Turkish Government, as well as regarding
the funds of the Lifeboat Service of the Black Sea and Bosphorus.<br><br>
                                           
The Allied Powers hereby give authority to the Financial
Commission to represent them in this matter.<br><br>

ARTICLE 256.<br><br>
            
The Turkish Government, in agreement with the Allied Powers,
hereby releases the German Government from the obligation
incurred by it during the war to accept Turkish Government
currency notes at a specified rate of exchange in payment for
goods to be exported to Turkey from Germany after the war.<br><br>

ARTICLE 257.<br><br>
            
As soon as the claims of the Allied Powers against the Turkish
Government as laid down in this Part have been satisfied, and
Ottoman pre-war Public Debt has been liquidated, the Financial
Commission shall determine. The Turkish Government shall
then consider in consultation with the Council of the League of
Nations whether any further administrative advice and assistance
should in the interests of Turkey be provided for the Turkish
Government by the Powers, Members of the League of Nations,
and, if so, in what form such advice and assistance shall be given.<br><br>

ARTICLE 258.<br><br>
            
(1) Turkey will deliver, in a seaworthy condition and in such
ports of the Allied Powers as the Governments of the said Powers
may determine all German ships transferred to the Turkish flag
since August I, I9I4; these ships will be handed over to the
Reparation Commission referred to in Article 233 of the Treaty
of Peace with Germany, any transfer to a neutral flag during the
war being regarded in this respect as void so far as concerns the
Allied Powers.<br><br>

(2) The Turkish Government will hand over at the same time
as the ships referred to in paragraph (1) all papers and documents
which the Reparation Commission referred to in the said paragraph may think necessary in order to ensure the complete
transfer of the property in the vessels, free and quit of all liens,
mortgages, encumbrances, charges or claims, whatever their
nature.<br><br>

The Turkish Government will effect any re-purchase or indemnisation which may be necessary. It will be the party responsible in the event of any proceedings for the recovery of, or in
any claims against, the vessel to be handed over whatever their
nature, the Turkish Government being bound in every case to guarantee the Reparation Commission referred to in paragraph (1) against any ejectment or proceedings upon any ground whatever arising under this head.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 259.<br><br>
                                                        
Without prejudice to Article 277, Part IX (Economic Clauses)
of the present Treaty, Turkey renounces, so far as she is concerned, the benefit of any provisons of the Treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Bucharest or of the Treaties supplementary thereto.<br><br>
                                           
Turkey undertakes to transfer either to Roumania or to the
Principal Allied Powers, as the case may be, all monetary instruments, specie, securities and negotiable instruments or goods
which she has received under the aforesaid Treaties.<br><br>
                                           
ARTICLE 260.<br><br>
                                                        
The legislative measures required in order to give effect to
the provisions of this Part will be enacted by the Turkish Government and by the Powers concerned within a period which must
not exceed six months from the signature of the present Treaty.<br><br>
<hr><p align="right"> [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive]] > [[Conventions and Treaties ]] > [[Peace Treaty of Sèvres]] > '''Section I, Articles 1 - 260'''
</p><hr>