Difference between revisions of "Section I, Articles 1 - 260"
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| + | [[Main_Page | WWI Document Archive]] > [[Conventions and Treaties ]] > [[Peace Treaty of Sèvres]] > '''Section I, Articles 1 - 260''' | ||
| + | </p><hr> | ||
<h1>The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920</h1> | <h1>The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920</h1> | ||
| − | <h4>(from: <i>The Treaties of Peace 1919-1923, Vol. II</i>, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1924.)</h4 | + | <h4>(from: <i>The Treaties of Peace 1919-1923, Vol. II</i>, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1924.)</h4> |
| − | Section I, Articles 1-260< | + | Section I, Articles 1-260 |
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/1/14/TreatyOfSevresMapOfTurkey.gif Map of Turkey,] illustrating the Treaty of Sevres region.<br> | ||
| + | Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/2/23/Treaty_of_Sevres%2C_Zone_of_the_Straits.gif detailed Map] of Western Turkey, showing the Zone of the Straits.<br> | ||
| + | Go to [http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/images/2/22/Treaty_of_Sevres_President_Wilson_Armenian_Boundary.gif detailed Map] of Eastern Turkey, showing the extent of Turkish Armenia according to President Wilson's boundary decision.<br> | ||
| + | (Compiled by Lt.-Col. Lawrence Martin, Geographer of the Institute of Politics) | ||
<hr> | <hr> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<h2><b>THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS <BR> | <h2><b>THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS <BR> | ||
AND TURKEY<BR> | AND TURKEY<BR> | ||
| Line 109: | Line 113: | ||
Armenian Republic;<br><br> | Armenian Republic;<br><br> | ||
| − | + | HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS:<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Jules VAN DEN HEUVEL, Envoy Extraordinary and | |
| − | + | Minister Plenipotentiary, Minister of State;<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. ROLIN JAEQUEMYNS, Member of the Institute of | |
| − | + | Private International Law, Secretary-General of the | |
| − | + | Belgian Delegation;<br><br> | |
| − | + | HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HELLENES:<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Eleftherios K. VENIZELOS, President of the Council | |
| − | + | of Ministers;<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Athos ROMANOS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister | |
| − | + | Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of the Hellenes at | |
| − | + | Paris;<br><br> | |
| − | + | HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ:<br><br> | |
| − | + | THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUBLIC:<br> | |
| − | + | Count Maurice ZAMOYSKI, Envoy Extraordinary and | |
| − | + | Minister Plenipotentiary of the Polish Republic at Paris;<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Erasme PILTZ;<br><br> | |
| − | + | THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC:<br> | |
| − | + | Dr. Affonso da COSTA, formerly President of the Council of | |
| − | + | Ministers;<br><br> | |
| − | + | His MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA:<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Nicolae TITULESCU, Minister of Finance;<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Prince DIMITRIE GHIKA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of Roumania at | |
| + | Paris;<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Hls MAJESTY THE KING OF THE SERBS, THE CROATS AND THE | |
| − | + | SLOVENES:<br><br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Nicolas P. PACHITCH, formerly President of the | |
| − | + | Council of Ministers;<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Ante TRUMBIC, Minister for Foreign Affairs;<br><br> | |
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC:<br> | THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC:<br> | ||
| − | + | Mr. Edward BENES, Minister for Foreign Affairs;<br> | |
| − | + | Mr. Stephen OSUSKY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister | |
| − | + | Plenipotentiary of the Czecho-Slovak Republic at | |
| − | + | London;<br><br> | |
TURKEY:<br> | TURKEY:<br> | ||
| − | + | General HAADI Pasha, Senator;<br> | |
| − | + | RIZA TEVFIK Bey, Senator;<br> | |
| − | + | RECHAD HALISS Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister | |
| − | + | Plenipotentiary of Turkey at Berne; | |
| − | + | WHO, having communicated their full powers, found in good | |
and due form, have AGREED AS FOLLOWS:<br><br> | and due form, have AGREED AS FOLLOWS:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | From the coming into force of the present Treaty the state of | |
war will terminate.<br><br> | war will terminate.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | From that moment and subject to the provisions of the | |
present Treaty, officiai relations will exist between the Allied | present Treaty, officiai relations will exist between the Allied | ||
Powers and Turkey.<br><br> | Powers and Turkey.<br><br> | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | PART I.<br> | |
| + | |||
| + | THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.<br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLES 1 TO 26 AND ANNEX<br> | |
| − | + | See Part I, Treaty of Versailles, Pages 10-23. | |
<hr> | <hr> | ||
| − | PART II.<br> | + | |
| + | PART II.<br> | ||
| − | + | FRONTIERS OF TURKEY.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 27.<br><br> | |
| − | + | I. In Europe, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as | |
| − | |||
follows:<br> | follows:<br> | ||
| − | + | 1. The Black Sea: | |
from the entrance of the Bosphorus to the point described below.<br><br> | from the entrance of the Bosphorus to the point described below.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 2. With Greece:<br> | |
| − | + | From a point to be chosen on the Black Sea near the mouth of | |
the Biyuk Dere, situated about 7 kilometres north-west of Podima, south-westwards to the most north-westerly point of the | the Biyuk Dere, situated about 7 kilometres north-west of Podima, south-westwards to the most north-westerly point of the | ||
limit of the basin of the Istranja Dere (about 8 kilometres northwest of Istranja), | limit of the basin of the Istranja Dere (about 8 kilometres northwest of Istranja), | ||
| Line 229: | Line 235: | ||
II. In Asia, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as follows:<br> | II. In Asia, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as follows:<br> | ||
| − | + | 1. On the West and South:<br> | |
| − | + | From the entrance of the Bosphorus into the Sea of Marmora | |
| − | + | to a point described below, situated in the eastern Mediterranean | |
| − | + | Sea in the neighbourhood of the Gulf of Alexandretta near | |
| − | + | Karatash Burun | |
| − | + | the Sea of Marmora, the Dardanelles, and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; the islands of the Sea of Marmora, and those which | |
| − | + | are situated within a distance of 3 miles from the coast, remaining | |
| − | + | Turkish, subject to the provisions of Section IV and Articles 84 | |
| − | + | and 122, Part III (Political Clauses).<br><br> | |
| − | + | 2. With Syria:<br> | |
| − | + | From a point to be chosen on the eastern bank of the outlet of | |
| − | + | the Hassan Dede, about 3 kilometres north-west of Karatash Bu- | |
| − | + | run, north-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the Djaihun Irmak about 1 kilometre north of Babeli, | |
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Karatash; | |
| − | + | thence to Kesik Kale, | |
| − | + | the course of the Djaihun Irmak upstream;<br> | |
| − | + | thence north-eastwards to a point to be chosen on the Djaihun | |
| − | + | Irmak about 15 kilometres east-southeast of Karsbazar, | |
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Kara Tepe;<br> | |
| − | + | thence to the bend in the Djaihun Irmak situated west of Duldul Dagh, | |
| − | + | the course of the Djaihun Irmak upstream;<br> | |
| − | + | thence in a general south-easterly direction to a point to be | |
| − | + | chosen on Emir Musi Dagh about 15 kilometres south-south-west | |
| − | + | of Giaour Geul | |
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground at a distance of about 18 kilometres from the railway, and leaving Duldul Dagh to Syria;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards to a point to be chosen about 5 kilometres | |
| − | + | north of Urfa | |
| − | + | a generally straight line from west to east to be hxed on the | |
| − | + | ground passing north of the roads connecting the towns of Bagh- | |
| − | + | che, Aintab, Biridjik, and Urfa and leaving the last three named | |
| − | + | towns to Syria;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards to the south-western extremity of the bend | |
| − | + | in the Tigris about 6 kilometres north of Azekh (27 kilometres | |
| − | + | west of Djezire-ibn-Omar), | |
| − | + | a generally straight line from west to east to be fixed on the | |
| − | + | ground leaving the town of Mardin to Syria;<br> | |
| − | + | thence to a point to be chosen on the Tigris between the point | |
of confluence of the Khabur Su with the Tigris and the bend in | of confluence of the Khabur Su with the Tigris and the bend in | ||
the Tigris situated about 10 kilometres north of this point,<br> | the Tigris situated about 10 kilometres north of this point,<br> | ||
| − | + | the course of the Tigris downstream, leaving the island on | |
which is situated the town of Djezire-ibn-Omar to Syria.<br><br> | which is situated the town of Djezire-ibn-Omar to Syria.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 3. With Mesopotamia:<br> | |
| − | + | Thence in a general easterly direction to a point to be chosen | |
on the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul,<br> | on the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul,<br> | ||
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards to the point where it meets the frontier between Turkey and Persia,<br> | |
| − | + | the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul, modified, however, so as to pass south of Amadia.<br><br> | |
4. On the East and the North East:<br> | 4. On the East and the North East:<br> | ||
| − | + | From the point above defined to the Black Sea, the existing | |
frontier between Turkey and Persia, then the former frontier | frontier between Turkey and Persia, then the former frontier | ||
between Turkey and Russia, subject to the provisions of Article | between Turkey and Russia, subject to the provisions of Article | ||
89.<br><br> | 89.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 5. The Black Sea.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 28.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The frontiers described by the present Treaty are traced on | |
the one in a million maps attached to the present Treaty. In | the one in a million maps attached to the present Treaty. In | ||
case of differences between the text and the map, the text will | case of differences between the text and the map, the text will | ||
prevail. [See Introduction.]<br><br> | prevail. [See Introduction.]<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 29.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Boundary Commissions, whose composition is or will be fixed | |
in the present Treaty or in Treaties supplementary thereto, will | in the present Treaty or in Treaties supplementary thereto, will | ||
have to trace these frontiers on the ground.<br><br> | have to trace these frontiers on the ground.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | They shall have the power, not only of fixing those portions | |
which are defined as "a line to be fixed on the ground," but also, | which are defined as "a line to be fixed on the ground," but also, | ||
if the Commission considers it necessary, of revising in matters of | if the Commission considers it necessary, of revising in matters of | ||
| Line 314: | Line 320: | ||
as possible, administrative boundaries and local economic interests.<br><br> | as possible, administrative boundaries and local economic interests.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The decisions of the Commissions will be taken by a majority, | |
and shall be binding on the parties concerned.<br><br> | and shall be binding on the parties concerned.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The expenses of the Boundary Commissions will be borne in | |
| − | + | equal shares by the parties concerned.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 30.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In so far as frontiers defined by a waterway are concerned, the | |
| − | + | phrases "course" or "channel" used in the descriptions of the | |
| − | + | present Treaty signify, as regards non-navigable rivers, the | |
| − | + | median line of the waterway or of its principal branch, and, as | |
| − | + | regards navigable rivers, the median line of the principal channel | |
| − | + | of navigation. It will rest with the Boundary Commissions provided for by the present Treaty to specify whether the frontier | |
| − | + | line shall follow any changes of the course or channel which may | |
| − | + | take place, or whether it shall be definitely fixed by the position of | |
| − | + | the course or channel at the time when the present Treaty comes | |
| − | + | into force.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the absence of provisions to the contrary in the present | |
| − | + | Treaty, islands and islets Iying within three miles of the coast are | |
| − | + | included within the frontier of the coastal State.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 31.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The various States concerned undertake to furnish to the | |
| − | + | Commissions all documents necessary for their tasks, especially | |
| − | + | authentic copies of agreements fixing existing or old frontiers, all | |
| − | + | large scale maps in existence, geodetic data, surveys completed | |
| − | + | but unpublished, and information concerning the changes of frontier watercourses. The maps, geodetic data, and surveys, even if | |
| − | + | unpublished, which are in the possession of the Turkish authorities must be delivered at Constantinople, within thirty days from | |
| − | + | the coming into force of the present Treaty, to such representative | |
| − | + | of the Commissions concerned as may be appointed by the | |
| − | + | principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The States concerned also undertake to instruct the local | |
| − | + | authorities to communicate to the Commissions all documents, | |
| − | + | especially plans, cadastral and land books, and to furnish on | |
| − | + | demand all details regarding property, existing economic conditions, and other necessary information.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 32.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The various States interested undertake to give every assistance to the Boundary Commissions, whether directly or through local authorities, in everything that concerns transport, accommodation, labour, materials (sign-posts, boundary pillars) necessary for the accomplishment of their mission.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In particular the Turkish Government undertakes to furnish | |
to the Principal Allied Powers such technical personnel as they | to the Principal Allied Powers such technical personnel as they | ||
may consider necessary to assist the Boundary Commissions in | may consider necessary to assist the Boundary Commissions in | ||
the accomplishment of their mission.<br><br> | the accomplishment of their mission.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 33.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The various States interested undertake to safeguard the | |
trigonometrical points, signals, posts or frontier marks erected | trigonometrical points, signals, posts or frontier marks erected | ||
by the Commissions.<br><br> | by the Commissions.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 34<br><br> | |
| − | + | The pillars will be placed so as to be intervisible; they will be | |
numbered, and their position and their number will be noted on a | numbered, and their position and their number will be noted on a | ||
cartographic document.<br><br> | cartographic document.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 35.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The protocols defining the boundary and the maps and documents attached thereto will be made out in triplicate, of which | |
two copies will be forwarded to the Governments of the limitrophe | two copies will be forwarded to the Governments of the limitrophe | ||
States, and the third to the Government of the French Republic, | States, and the third to the Government of the French Republic, | ||
| Line 384: | Line 390: | ||
| − | + | PART III.<br><br> | |
| − | + | POLITICAL CLAUSES.<br> | |
| − | + | SECTION I.<br> | |
| − | + | CONSTANTINOPLE.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 36.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, the High Contracting Parties agree that the rights and title of the Turkish | |
Government over Constantinople shall not be affected, and that | Government over Constantinople shall not be affected, and that | ||
the said Government and His Majesty the Sultan shall be entitled | the said Government and His Majesty the Sultan shall be entitled | ||
| Line 396: | Line 402: | ||
State. | State. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | Nevertheless, in the event of Turkey failing to observe faithfully the provisions of the present Treaty, or of any treaties or | ||
conventions supplementary thereto, particularly as regards the | conventions supplementary thereto, particularly as regards the | ||
protection of the rights of racial, religious or linguistic minorities, | protection of the rights of racial, religious or linguistic minorities, | ||
| Line 403: | Line 410: | ||
which may be taken in this connection.<br><br> | which may be taken in this connection.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION I I .<br><br> | |
| − | + | STRAITS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 37.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The navigation of the Straits, including the Dardanelles, the | |
Sea of Marmora and the Bosphorus, shall in future be open, both | Sea of Marmora and the Bosphorus, shall in future be open, both | ||
in peace and war, to every vessel of commerce or of war and to | in peace and war, to every vessel of commerce or of war and to | ||
military and commercial aircraft, without distinction of flag.<br><br> | military and commercial aircraft, without distinction of flag.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | These waters shall not be subject to blockade, nor shall any | |
belligerent right be exercised nor any act of hostility be committed within them, unless in pursuance of a decision of the | belligerent right be exercised nor any act of hostility be committed within them, unless in pursuance of a decision of the | ||
Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 33.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government recognises that it is necessary to | |
take further measures to ensure the freedom of navigation provided for in Article 37, and accordingly delegates, so far as it is | take further measures to ensure the freedom of navigation provided for in Article 37, and accordingly delegates, so far as it is | ||
concerned, to a Commission to be called the "Commission of the | concerned, to a Commission to be called the "Commission of the | ||
| Line 424: | Line 431: | ||
control of the waters specified in Article 39.<br><br> | control of the waters specified in Article 39.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Greek Government, so far as it is concerned, delegates to | |
the Commission the same powers and undertakes to give it in all | the Commission the same powers and undertakes to give it in all | ||
respects the same facilities.<br><br> | respects the same facilities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Such control shall be exercised in the name of the Turkish and | |
Greek Governments respectively, and in the manner provided in | Greek Governments respectively, and in the manner provided in | ||
this Section.<br><br> | this Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 39.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The authority of the Commission will extend to all the waters | |
between the Mediterranean mouth of the Dardanelles and the | between the Mediterranean mouth of the Dardanelles and the | ||
Black Sea mouth of the Bosphorus, and to the waters within | Black Sea mouth of the Bosphorus, and to the waters within | ||
three miles of each of these mouths.<br><br> | three miles of each of these mouths.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | This authority may be exercised on shore to such extent as may | |
be necessary for the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br> | be necessary for the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 40.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Commission shall be composed of representatives appointed respectively by the United States of America (if and when | |
that Government is willing to participate), the British Empire, | that Government is willing to participate), the British Empire, | ||
France, Italy, Japan, Russia (if and when Russia becomes a member of the League of Nations), Greece, Roumania, and Bulgaria | France, Italy, Japan, Russia (if and when Russia becomes a member of the League of Nations), Greece, Roumania, and Bulgaria | ||
| Line 453: | Line 460: | ||
Bulgaria and Turkey shall each have one vote. Each Commissioner shall be removable only by the Government which appointed him.<br><br> | Bulgaria and Turkey shall each have one vote. Each Commissioner shall be removable only by the Government which appointed him.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 41.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Commissioners shall enjoy, within the limits specified in | |
Article 39, diplomatic privileges and immunities.<br><br> | Article 39, diplomatic privileges and immunities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 42.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Commission will exercise the powers conferred on it by | |
the present Treaty in complete independence of the local author | the present Treaty in complete independence of the local author | ||
| − | + | ity. It will have its own flag, its own budget and its separate | |
| − | + | organisation.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 43.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within the limits of its jurisdiction as laid down in Article 39 | |
| − | + | the Commission will be charged with the following duties:<br><br> | |
| − | + | (a) the execution of any works considered necessary for the | |
| − | + | improvement of the channels or the approaches to harbours;<br> | |
| − | + | (b) the lighting and buoying of the channels;<br> | |
| − | + | (c) the control of pilotage and towage;<br> | |
| − | + | (d) the control of anchorages;<br> | |
| − | + | (e) the control necessary to assure the application in the ports | |
| − | + | of Constantinople and Haidar Pasha of the regime prescribed in | |
| − | + | Articles 335 to 344, Part XI (Ports, Waterways and Railways) of | |
| − | + | the present Treaty;<br> | |
| − | + | (f) the control of all matters relating to wrecks and salvage;<br> | |
| − | + | (g) the control of lighterage;<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 44.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the event of the Commission finding that the liberty of | |
| − | + | passage is being interfered with, it will inform the representatives | |
| − | + | at Constantinople of the Allied Powers providing the occupying | |
| − | + | forces provided for in Article 178. These representatives will thereupon concert with the naval and military commanders of | |
| − | + | the said forces such measures as may be deemed necessary to preserve the freedom of the Straits. Similar action shall be taken | |
| − | + | by the said representatives in the event of any external action | |
| − | + | threatening the liberty of passage of the Straits.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ARTICLE 45.<br><br> | |
| − | + | For the purpose of the acquisition of any property or the | |
| − | + | execution of any permanent works which may be required, the | |
| − | + | Commission shall be entitled to raise such loans as it may consider necessary. These loans will be secured, so far as possible, on | |
| − | + | the dues to be levied on the shipping using the Straits, as provided in Article 53.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 46.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The functions previously exercised by the Constantinople | |
| − | + | Superior Council of Health and the Turkish Sanitary Administration which was directed by the said Council, and the functions exercised by the National Life-boat Service of the Bosphorus | |
will within the limits specified in Article 39 be discharged under | will within the limits specified in Article 39 be discharged under | ||
the control of the Commission and in such manner as it may | the control of the Commission and in such manner as it may | ||
direct.<br><br> | direct.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Commission will co-operate in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing | |
and combating disease.<br><br> | and combating disease.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 47.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Subject to the general powers of control conferred upon the | |
Commission, the rights of any persons or companies now holding | Commission, the rights of any persons or companies now holding | ||
concessions relating to lighthouses, docks, quays or similar | concessions relating to lighthouses, docks, quays or similar | ||
| Line 528: | Line 534: | ||
take up a new concession.<br><br> | take up a new concession.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 48.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In order to facilitate the execution of the duties with which it | |
is entrusted by this Section, the Commission shall have power to | is entrusted by this Section, the Commission shall have power to | ||
organise such a force of special police as may be necessary. This | organise such a force of special police as may be necessary. This | ||
| Line 540: | Line 546: | ||
by the Commission.<br><br> | by the Commission.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 49.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the portion of the zone of the Straits, including the islands | |
of the Sea of Marmora, which remains Turkish, and pending the | of the Sea of Marmora, which remains Turkish, and pending the | ||
coming into force of the reform of the Turkish judicial system | coming into force of the reform of the Turkish judicial system | ||
| Line 550: | Line 556: | ||
of the said Powers. The Allied Powers agree to make such infringements justiciable before their Consular Courts or authorities. Infringements committed by Turkish nationals or nationals of non-capitulatory Powers shall be dealt with by the | of the said Powers. The Allied Powers agree to make such infringements justiciable before their Consular Courts or authorities. Infringements committed by Turkish nationals or nationals of non-capitulatory Powers shall be dealt with by the | ||
competent Turkish judicial authorities.<br><br> | competent Turkish judicial authorities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | In the portion of the said zone placed under Greek sovereignty | |
| − | + | such infringements will be dealt with by the competent Greek | |
| + | judicial authorities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 50.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The officers or members of the crew of any merchant vessel | |
| − | + | vwithin the limits of the jurisdiction of the Commission who may | |
| − | + | be arrested on shore for any offence committed either ashore or | |
| − | + | afloat within the limits of the said jurisdiction shall be brought | |
| − | + | before the competent judicial authority by the Commission's | |
| − | + | police. If the accused was arrested otherwise than by the Commission's police he shall immediately be handed over to them.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 51 .<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Commission shall appoint such subordinate officers or | |
| − | + | officials as may be found indispensable to assist it in carrying | |
| − | + | out the duties with which it is charged.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 52.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In all matters relating to the navigation of the waters within | |
| − | + | the limits of the jurisdiction of the Commission all the ships | |
| − | + | referred to in Article 37 shall be treated upon a footing of absolute | |
| − | + | equality.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 53.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Subject to the provisions of Article 47 the existing rights under | |
| − | + | which dues and charges can be levied for various purposes, | |
| − | + | whether direct by the Turkish Government or by international | |
| − | + | bodies or private companies, on ships or cargoes within the limits | |
| − | + | of the jurisdiction of the Commission shall be transferred to the | |
| − | + | Commisssion The Commission shall fix these dues and charges | |
| − | + | at such amounts only as may be reasonably necessary to cover | |
| − | + | the cost of the works executed and the services rendered to | |
| − | + | shipping, including the general costs and expenses of the administration of the Commission, and the salaries and pay provided | |
| − | + | for in paragraph 3 of the Annex to this Section.<br><br> | |
| − | + | For these purposes only and with the prior consent of the | |
| − | + | Council of the League of Nations the Commission may also | |
| − | + | establish dues and charges other than those now existing and | |
| − | + | fix their amounts.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 54.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | All dues and charges imposed by the Commission shall be | |
levied without any discrimination and on a footing of absolute | levied without any discrimination and on a footing of absolute | ||
equality between all vessels, whatever their port of origin, destination or departure, their flag or ownership, or the nationality or | equality between all vessels, whatever their port of origin, destination or departure, their flag or ownership, or the nationality or | ||
ownership of their cargoes.<br><br> | ownership of their cargoes.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | This disposition does not affect the right of the Commission | |
to fix in accordance with tonnage the dues provided for by this | to fix in accordance with tonnage the dues provided for by this | ||
Section.<br><br> | Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 55.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish and Greek Governments respectively undertake | |
to facilitate the acquisition by the Commission of such land and | to facilitate the acquisition by the Commission of such land and | ||
buildings as the Commission shall consider it necessary to acquire | buildings as the Commission shall consider it necessary to acquire | ||
| Line 615: | Line 620: | ||
entrusted.<br><br> | entrusted.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 56.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Ships of war in transit through the waters specified in Article | |
39 shall conform in all respects to the regulations issued by the | 39 shall conform in all respects to the regulations issued by the | ||
Commission for the observance of the ordinary rules of navigation and of sanitary requirements.<br><br> | Commission for the observance of the ordinary rules of navigation and of sanitary requirements.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 57.<br><br> | |
| − | + | (1) Belligerent warships shall not revictual nor take in stores | |
except so far as may be strictly necessary to enable them to complete the passage of the Straits and to reach the nearest port | except so far as may be strictly necessary to enable them to complete the passage of the Straits and to reach the nearest port | ||
where they can call, nor shall they replenish or increase their | where they can call, nor shall they replenish or increase their | ||
| Line 634: | Line 639: | ||
out with the least possible delay.<br><br> | out with the least possible delay.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (2) The passage of belligerent warships through the waters | |
under the control of the Commission shall be effected with the | under the control of the Commission shall be effected with the | ||
least possible delay, and without any other interruption than | least possible delay, and without any other interruption than | ||
that resulting from the necessities of the service.<br><br> | that resulting from the necessities of the service.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (3) The stay of such warships at ports within the jurisdiction | |
of the Commission shall not exceed twenty-four hours except in | of the Commission shall not exceed twenty-four hours except in | ||
| − | + | case of distress. In such case they shall be bound to leave as soon | |
| − | + | as possible. An interval of at least twenty-four hours shall | |
| − | + | always elapse between the sailing of a belligerent ship from the | |
| − | + | waters under the control of the Commission and the departure | |
| − | + | of a ship belonging to an opposing belligerent.<br><br> | |
| − | + | (4) Any further regulations affecting in time of war the waters | |
| − | + | under the control of the Commission, and relating in particular | |
| − | + | to the passage of war material and contraband destined for the | |
| − | + | enemies of Turkey, or revictualling, taking in stores or carrying | |
| − | + | out repairs in the said waters, will be laid down by the League | |
| − | + | of Nations.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 58.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Prizes shall in all respects be subjected to the same conditions | |
| − | + | as belligerent vessels of war.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 59.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | No belligerent shall embark or disembark troops, munitions of | |
| − | + | war or warlike materials in the waters under the control of the | |
| − | + | Commission, except in case of accidental hindrance of the passage, and in such cases the passage shall be resumed with all | |
| − | + | possible despatch.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 60.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Nothing in Articles 57, 58 or 59 shall be deemed to limit the | |
| − | + | powers of a belligerent or belligerents acting in pursuance of a | |
| − | + | decision by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 61.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Any differences which may arise between the Powers as to the | |
| − | + | interpretation or execution of the provisions of this Section, and | |
| − | + | as regards Constantinople and Haidar Pasha of the provisions | |
| − | + | of Articles 335 to 344, Part Xl (Ports, Waterways, and Railways) shall be referred to the Commission. In the event of the | |
| − | + | decision of the Commission not being accepted by any Power, | |
| − | + | the question shall, on the demand of any Power concerned, be | |
| − | + | settled as provided by the League of Nations, pending whose | |
| − | + | decision the ruling of the Commission will be carried out.<br><br> | |
| + | |||
| + | ANNEX<br><br> | ||
| − | |||
1.<br><br> | 1.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | The Chairmanship of the Commission of the Straits shall be | ||
rotatory for the period of two years among the members of the | rotatory for the period of two years among the members of the | ||
Commission entitled to two votes.<br><br> | Commission entitled to two votes.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Commission shall take decisions by a majority vote | |
and the Chairman shall have a casting vote. Abstention shall | and the Chairman shall have a casting vote. Abstention shall | ||
be regarded as a vote against the proposal under discussion.<br><br> | be regarded as a vote against the proposal under discussion.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Each of the Commissioners will have the right to designate a | |
deputy Commissioner to replace him in his absence.<br><br> | deputy Commissioner to replace him in his absence.<br><br> | ||
2<br><br> | 2<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | The salary of each member of the Commission will be paid by | ||
the Government which appointed him; these salaries will be fixed | the Government which appointed him; these salaries will be fixed | ||
at reasonable amounts agreed upon from time to time between the | at reasonable amounts agreed upon from time to time between the | ||
Governments represented on the Commission.<br><br> | Governments represented on the Commission.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 3<br><br> | |
| − | + | The salaries of the police officers referred to in Article 48, of | |
such other officials and officers as may be appointed under Article | such other officials and officers as may be appointed under Article | ||
51, and the pay of the local police referred to in Article 48, shall | 51, and the pay of the local police referred to in Article 48, shall | ||
| Line 710: | Line 717: | ||
shipping.<br><br> | shipping.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Commission shall frame regulations as to the terms and | |
condltions of employment of all officers and officials appointed<br><br> | condltions of employment of all officers and officials appointed<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 4<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Commission shall have at its disposal such vessels as may | |
be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions as laid down | be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions as laid down | ||
in this Section and Annex.<br><br> | in this Section and Annex.<br><br> | ||
| + | |||
5<br><br> | 5<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | In order to carry out all the duties with which it is charged by | ||
the provisions of this Section and Annex and within the limits | the provisions of this Section and Annex and within the limits | ||
therein laid down the Commission will have the power to prepare, issue and enforce the necessary regulations; this power will | therein laid down the Commission will have the power to prepare, issue and enforce the necessary regulations; this power will | ||
include the right of amending so far as may be necessary or repealing the existing regulations.<br><br> | include the right of amending so far as may be necessary or repealing the existing regulations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | 6. <br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The Commission shall frame regulations as to the manner in | |
| − | + | which the accounts of all revenues and expenditure of the funds | |
| − | + | under its control shall be kept, the auditing of such accounts | |
| + | and the publication every year of a full and accurate report | ||
| + | thereof.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION III.<br> | |
| − | + | KURDISTAN.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 62.<br><br> | |
| − | + | A Commission sitting at Constantinople and composed of | |
| − | + | three members appointed by the British, French and Italian | |
| − | + | Governments respectively shall draft within six months from the | |
| − | + | coming into force of the present Treaty a scheme of local autonomy for the predominantly Kurdish areas lying east of the Euphrates, south of the southern boundary of Armenia as it may be | |
| − | + | hereafter determined, and north of the frontier of Turkey with | |
| − | + | Syria and Mesopotamia, as defined in Article 27, II (2) and (3). | |
| − | + | If unanimity cannot be secured on any question, it will be referred | |
| − | + | by the members of the Commission to their respective Governments. The scheme shall contain full safeguards for the protection of the Assyro-Chaldeans and other racial or religious minorities within these areas, and with this object a Commission composed of British, French, Italian, Persian and Kurdish representatives shall visit the spot to examine and decide what rectifications, if any, should be made in the Turkish frontier where, under | |
| − | + | the provisions of the present Treaty, that frontier coincides with | |
| − | + | that of Persia.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 63.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government hereby agrees to accept and execute | |
| − | + | the decisions of both the Commissions mentioned in Article 62 | |
| − | + | within three months from their communication to the said | |
| − | + | Government.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 64.<br><br> | |
| − | + | If within one year from the coming into force of the present | |
| − | + | Treaty the Kurdish peoples within the areas defined in Article | |
| − | + | 62 shall address themselves to the Council of the League of Nations in such a manner as to show that a majority of the population of these areas desires independence from Turkey, and if the | |
Council then considers that these peoples are capable of such independence and recommends that it should be granted to them, | Council then considers that these peoples are capable of such independence and recommends that it should be granted to them, | ||
Turkey hereby agrees to execute such a recommendation, and to | Turkey hereby agrees to execute such a recommendation, and to | ||
renounce all rights and title over these areas.<br><br> | renounce all rights and title over these areas.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The detailed provisions for such renunciation will form the | |
subject of a separate agreement between the Principal Allied | subject of a separate agreement between the Principal Allied | ||
Powers and Turkey.<br><br> | Powers and Turkey.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | If and when such renunciation takes place, no objection will be | |
raised by the Principal Allied Powers to the voluntary adhesion | raised by the Principal Allied Powers to the voluntary adhesion | ||
to such an independent Kurdish State of the Kurds inhabiting | to such an independent Kurdish State of the Kurds inhabiting | ||
| Line 771: | Line 782: | ||
Mosul vilayet.<br><br> | Mosul vilayet.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION IV.<br> | |
| − | + | SMYRNA.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 65.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna | |
and the adjacent territory defined in Article 66, until the determination of their final status in accordance with Article 83.<br><br> | and the adjacent territory defined in Article 66, until the determination of their final status in accordance with Article 83.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 66.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The geographical limits of the territory adjacent to the city of | |
Smyrna will be laid down as follows:<br><br> | Smyrna will be laid down as follows:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | From the mouth of the river which flows into the Aegean Sea | |
about 5 kilometres north of Skalanova, eastwards,<br> | about 5 kilometres north of Skalanova, eastwards,<br> | ||
| − | + | the course of this river upstream;<br> | |
| − | + | then south-eastwards, the course of the southern branch of this | |
river;<br> | river;<br> | ||
| − | + | then south-eastwards, to the western point of the crest of the | |
Gumush Dagh;<br> | Gumush Dagh;<br> | ||
| − | + | A line to be fixed on the ground passing west of Chinar K, and | |
east of Akche Ova;<br> | east of Akche Ova;<br> | ||
thence north-eastwards, this crest line;<br> | thence north-eastwards, this crest line;<br> | ||
| − | + | thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the railway from | |
Ayasoluk to Deirmendik about 1 kilometre west of Balachik | Ayasoluk to Deirmendik about 1 kilometre west of Balachik | ||
station,<br> | station,<br> | ||
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground leaving the road and railway | |
from Sokia to Balachik station entirely in Turkish territory;<br> | from Sokia to Balachik station entirely in Turkish territory;<br> | ||
| − | + | thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the southern | |
| − | + | boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna,<br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground;<br> | |
| − | + | thence to a point to be chosen in the neighbourhood of Bos | |
| − | + | Dagh situated about 15 kilometres north-east of Odemish,<br> | |
| − | + | the southern and eastern boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna;<br> | |
| − | + | thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the railway from | |
| − | + | Manisa to Alashehr about 6 kilometres west of Salihli,<br> | |
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground;<br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | thence northwards to Geurenez Dagh,<br> | |
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground passing east of Mermer Geul | |
| + | west of Kemer, crossing the Kum Chai approximately south of | ||
| + | Akshalan, and then following the watershed west of Kavakalan;<br> | ||
| − | + | thence north-westwards to a point to be chosen on the boundary | |
| − | + | between the Cazas of Kirkagach and Ak Hissar about 18 kilometres east of Kirkagach and 20 kilometres north of Ak Hissar,<br> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | a line to be fixed on the ground;<br> | |
| − | + | thence westwards to its junction with the boundary of the Caza | |
| − | + | of Soma,<br> | |
| + | |||
| + | the southern boundary of the Caza of Kirkagach,<br> | ||
| + | thence westwards to its junction with the boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna,<br> | ||
| + | the southern boundary of the Caza of Soma;<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | thence northwards to its junction with the boundary of the | ||
| + | vilayet of Smyrna,<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | the north-eastern boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna;<br> | ||
| + | thence westwards to a point to be chosen in the neighbourhood | ||
| + | |||
| + | of Charpajik (Tepe).<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | the northern boundary of the vilayet of Smyrna;<br> | ||
| + | thence northwards to a point to be chosen on the ground about | ||
| + | 4 kilometres southwest of Keuiluje,<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | a line to be fixed on the ground;<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | thence westwards to a point to be selected on the ground between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele,<br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | a line to be fixed on the ground passing south of Kemer and | ||
| + | Kemer Iskele together with the road joining these places.<br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ARTICLE 67.<br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from | ||
| + | the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot | ||
| + | the boundaries of the territories described in Article 66. This | ||
| + | Commission shall be composed of three members nominated by | ||
| + | the British, French and Italian Governments respectively, one | ||
| + | member nominated by the Greek Government, and one nominated by the Turkish Government.<br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ARTICLE 68.<br><br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Subject to the provisions of this Section, the city of Smyrna | ||
and the territory defined in Article 66 will be assimilated, in the | and the territory defined in Article 66 will be assimilated, in the | ||
application of the present Treaty, to territory detached from | application of the present Treaty, to territory detached from | ||
Turkey.<br><br> | Turkey.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 69<br><br> | |
| − | + | The city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 | |
remain under Turkish sovereignty. Turkey, however, transfers | remain under Turkish sovereignty. Turkey, however, transfers | ||
to the Greek Government the exercise of her rights of sovereignty | to the Greek Government the exercise of her rights of sovereignty | ||
| Line 867: | Line 889: | ||
be designated by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | be designated by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 70.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Greek Government will be responsible for the administration of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66, | |
and will effect this administration by means of a body of officials | and will effect this administration by means of a body of officials | ||
which it will appoint specially for the purpose.<br><br> | which it will appoint specially for the purpose.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 71.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Greek Government shall be entitled to maintain in the | |
city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 the military | city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 the military | ||
forces required for the maintenance of order and public security. | forces required for the maintenance of order and public security. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 72.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | A local parliament shall be set up with an electoral system | |
calculated to ensure proportional representation of all sections | calculated to ensure proportional representation of all sections | ||
of the population, including racial, linguistic and religious | of the population, including racial, linguistic and religious | ||
| Line 889: | Line 912: | ||
not come into force until approved by a majority of the Council.<br><br> | not come into force until approved by a majority of the Council.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Greek Government shall be entitled to postpone the elections for so long as may be required for the return of the inhabitants who have been banished or deported by the Turkish authorities, but such postponement shall not exceed a period of one | |
| − | + | year from the coming into force of the present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 73.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The relations between the Greek administration and the local | |
| − | + | parliament shall be determined by the said administration in | |
| − | + | accordance with the principles of the Greek Constitution.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 74.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Compulsory military service shall not be enforced in the city | |
| − | + | of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 pending the | |
| − | + | final determination of their status in accordance with Article 83.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 75.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | The provisions of the separate Treaty referred to in Article 86 | |
| − | + | relating to the protection of racial, linguistic and religious | |
| − | + | minorities, and to freedom of commerce and transit, shall be | |
| − | + | applicable to the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in | |
| − | + | Article 66.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 76.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Greek Government may establish a Customs boundary | |
| − | + | along the frontier line defined in Article 66, and may incorporate | |
| − | + | the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in the said Article | |
| − | + | in the Greek customs system.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 77.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Greek Government engages to take no measures which | |
| − | + | would have the effect of depreciating the existing Turkish currency, which shall retain its character as legal tender pending | |
| − | + | the determination, in accordance with the provisions of Article | |
| − | + | 83, of the final status of the territory.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 78.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of Part XI (Ports, Waterways and Railways) | |
| − | + | relating to the regime of ports of international interest, free | |
| − | + | ports and transit shall be applicable to the city of Smyrna and | |
| − | + | the territory defined in Article 66.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 79.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | As regards nationality, such inhabitants of the city of Smyrna | |
and the territory defined in Article 66 as are of Turkish nationality and cannot claim any other nationality under the terms of | and the territory defined in Article 66 as are of Turkish nationality and cannot claim any other nationality under the terms of | ||
the present Treaty shall be treated on exactly the same footing | the present Treaty shall be treated on exactly the same footing | ||
| Line 944: | Line 964: | ||
and consular protection abroad.<br><br> | and consular protection abroad.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 80.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of Article 24I, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) | |
will apply in the case of the city of Smyrna and the territory | will apply in the case of the city of Smyrna and the territory | ||
defined in Article 66.<br><br> | defined in Article 66.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The provisions of Article 293, Part IX (Economic Clauses) | |
will not be applicable in the case of the said city and territory.<br><br> | will not be applicable in the case of the said city and territory.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 8I.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Until the determination, in accordance with the provisions of | |
Article 83, of the final status of Smyrna and the territory defined | Article 83, of the final status of Smyrna and the territory defined | ||
in Article 66, the rights to exploit the salt marshes of Phocea belonging to the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt, | in Article 66, the rights to exploit the salt marshes of Phocea belonging to the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt, | ||
| Line 966: | Line 986: | ||
defined in Article 66. <br><br> | defined in Article 66. <br><br> | ||
| − | + | If after the expiration of the period referred to in the preceding | |
paragraph Greece considers it opportuhe to effect changes in the | paragraph Greece considers it opportuhe to effect changes in the | ||
provisions above set forth, the salt marshes of Phocea will be | provisions above set forth, the salt marshes of Phocea will be | ||
| Line 974: | Line 994: | ||
of the present Treaty.<br><br> | of the present Treaty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 82.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are | |
not decided by the present Treaty and which may arise from | not decided by the present Treaty and which may arise from | ||
the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br> | the execution of the provisions of this Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 83.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | When a period of five years shall have elapsed after the coming | |
| − | + | into force of the present Treaty the local parliament referred to | |
| + | in Article 72 may, by a majority of votes, ask the Council of the | ||
| + | League of Nations for the definitive incorporation in the King | ||
dom of Greece of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in | dom of Greece of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in | ||
| − | + | Article 66. The Council may require, as a preliminary, a plebiscite under conditions which it will lay down.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the event of such incorporation as a result of the application | |
| − | + | of the foregoing paragraph, the Turkish sovereignty referred to | |
| − | + | in Article 69 shall cease. Turkey hereby renounces in that | |
| − | + | event in favour of Greece all rights and title over the city of | |
| − | + | Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION V.<br><br> | |
| − | + | GREECE.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 84.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Without prejudice to the frontiers of Bulgaria laid down by | |
| − | + | the Treaty of Peace signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on November | |
| − | + | 27, 1919, Turkey renounces in favour of Greece all rights and | |
| − | + | title over the territories of the former Turkish Empire in Europe situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | The islands of the Sea of Marmora are not included in the | |
| − | + | transfer of sovereignty effected by the above paragraph.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Turkey further renounces in favour of Greece all her rights and | |
| − | + | title over the islands of Imbros and Tenedos. The decision taken | |
| − | + | by the Conference of Ambassadors at London in execution of | |
| − | + | Articles 5 of the Treaty of London of May 17-30, 1913, and 15 | |
| − | + | of the Treaty of Athens of November 1-14, 1913, and notified to | |
| − | + | the Greek Govermnent on February 13, 1914, relating to the sovereignty of Greece over the other islands of the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly Lemnos, Samothrace, Mytilene, Chios, | |
| − | + | Samos and Nikaria, is confirmed, without prejudice to the | |
| − | + | provisions of the present Treaty relating to the islands placed | |
| − | + | under the sovereignty of Italy and referred to in Article 122, and | |
| − | + | to the islands lying less than three miles fron the coast of | |
| − | + | Asia.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Nevertheless, in the portion of the zone of the Straits and | |
| − | + | the islands, referred to in Article 178, which under the present | |
| − | |||
Treaty are placed under Greek sovereignty, Greece accepts and | Treaty are placed under Greek sovereignty, Greece accepts and | ||
undertakes to observe, failing any contrary stipulation in the | undertakes to observe, failing any contrary stipulation in the | ||
| Line 1,028: | Line 1,048: | ||
the Sea of Marmora, which remains under Turkish sovereignty.<br><br> | the Sea of Marmora, which remains under Turkish sovereignty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 85.<br><br> | |
| − | + | A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the | |
coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the | coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the | ||
frontier line described in Article 27, 1 (2). This Commission shall | frontier line described in Article 27, 1 (2). This Commission shall | ||
| Line 1,037: | Line 1,057: | ||
nominated by Turkey.<br><br> | nominated by Turkey.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 86.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Greece accepts and agrees to embody in a separate Treaty such | |
provisions as may be deemed necessary, particularly as regards | provisions as may be deemed necessary, particularly as regards | ||
Adrianople, to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State | Adrianople, to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State | ||
| Line 1,045: | Line 1,065: | ||
or religion.<br><br> | or religion.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Greece further accepts and agrees to embody in a separate | |
Treaty such provisions as may be deemed necessary to protect | Treaty such provisions as may be deemed necessary to protect | ||
freedom of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce | freedom of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce | ||
of other nations.<br><br> | of other nations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 87.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of | |
Turkey which Greece will have to assume on account of the | Turkey which Greece will have to assume on account of the | ||
territory placed under her sovereignty will be determined in | territory placed under her sovereignty will be determined in | ||
| Line 1,058: | Line 1,078: | ||
Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are not | |
decided by the present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territories.<br><br> | decided by the present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territories.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION VI.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARMENIA.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 88.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the | |
Allied Powers, hereby recognises Armenia as a free and independent State.<br><br> | Allied Powers, hereby recognises Armenia as a free and independent State.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 89.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey and Armenia as well as the other High Contracting | |
Parties agree to submit to the arbitration of the President of the | Parties agree to submit to the arbitration of the President of the | ||
United States of America the question of the frontier to be fixed | United States of America the question of the frontier to be fixed | ||
| Line 1,081: | Line 1,101: | ||
of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier.<br><br> | of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 90.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the event of the determination of the frontier under Article | |
89 involving the transfer of the whole or any part of the territory | 89 involving the transfer of the whole or any part of the territory | ||
of the said Vilayets to Armenia, Turkey hereby renounces as | of the said Vilayets to Armenia, Turkey hereby renounces as | ||
| Line 1,091: | Line 1,111: | ||
applicable to the said territory.<br><br> | applicable to the said territory.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of | |
Turkey which Armenia will have to assume, or of the rights | Turkey which Armenia will have to assume, or of the rights | ||
which will pass to her, on account of the transfer of the said | which will pass to her, on account of the transfer of the said | ||
| Line 1,097: | Line 1,117: | ||
244, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | 244, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Subsequent agreements will, if necessary, decide all questions | |
which are not decided by the present Treaty and which may | which are not decided by the present Treaty and which may | ||
arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territory.<br><br> | arise in consequence of the transfer of the said territory.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 91.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the event of any portion of the territory referred to in | |
Article 89 being transferred to Armenia, a Boundary Commission, | Article 89 being transferred to Armenia, a Boundary Commission, | ||
whose composition will be determined subsequently, will be | whose composition will be determined subsequently, will be | ||
| Line 1,110: | Line 1,130: | ||
between Armenia and Turkey as established by such decision.<br><br> | between Armenia and Turkey as established by such decision.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 92.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan and Georgia | |
respectively will be determined by direct agreement between | respectively will be determined by direct agreement between | ||
the States concerned.<br><br> | the States concerned.<br><br> | ||
| Line 1,122: | Line 1,142: | ||
traced on the spot.<br><br> | traced on the spot.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 93.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Armenia accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the | |
Principal Allied Powers such provisions as may be deemed | Principal Allied Powers such provisions as may be deemed | ||
necessary by these Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants | necessary by these Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants | ||
| Line 1,130: | Line 1,150: | ||
race, language, or religion.<br><br> | race, language, or religion.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Armenia further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty | |
with the Principal Allied Powers such provisions as these Powers | with the Principal Allied Powers such provisions as these Powers | ||
may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable | may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable | ||
treatment for the commerce of other nations.<br><br> | treatment for the commerce of other nations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION VII.<br> | |
| − | + | SYRIA, MESOPOTAMIA, PALESTINE.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 94.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties agree that Syria and Mesopotamia shall, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 22.<br><br> | |
Part I (Covenant of the League of Nations), be provisionally | Part I (Covenant of the League of Nations), be provisionally | ||
| Line 1,146: | Line 1,166: | ||
time as they are able to stand alone.<br><br> | time as they are able to stand alone.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from | |
the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot | the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot | ||
the frontier line described in Article 27, II (2) and (3). This | the frontier line described in Article 27, II (2) and (3). This | ||
| Line 1,154: | Line 1,174: | ||
Syria for the Syrian frontier, and by a representative of Mesopotamia for the Mesopotamian frontier.<br><br> | Syria for the Syrian frontier, and by a representative of Mesopotamia for the Mesopotamian frontier.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The determination of the other frontiers of the said States, | |
and the selection of the Mandatories, will be made by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | and the selection of the Mandatories, will be made by the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 95.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application | |
of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, | of the provisions of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, | ||
| − | + | within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal | |
| − | + | Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by the said Powers. | |
| − | + | The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the | |
| − | + | declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British | |
| − | + | Government, and adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour | |
| − | + | of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the | |
| − | + | Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be | |
| − | + | done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing | |
| − | + | non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political | |
| − | + | status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Mandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a | |
| − | + | special Commission to study and regulate all questions and | |
| − | + | claims relating to the different religious communities. In the | |
| − | + | composition of this Commission the religious interests concerned | |
| − | + | will be taken into account. The Chairman of the Commission | |
| − | + | will be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 96.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The terms of the mandates in respect of the above territories | |
| − | + | will be formulated by the Principal Allied Powers and submitted | |
| − | + | to the Council of the League of Nations for approval.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 97.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey hereby undertakes, in accordance with the provisions | |
| − | + | of Article 132, to accept any decisions which may be taken in | |
| − | + | relation to the questions dealt with in this Section.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION VIII.<br> | |
| − | + | HEDJAZ.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 98.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the | |
| − | + | Allied Powers, hereby recognises the Hedjaz as a free and | |
| − | + | indepedent State, and renounces in favour of the Hedjaz all | |
| − | + | rights and titles over the territories of the former Turkish Empire situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the | |
| − | + | present Treaty, and comprised within the boundaries which may | |
| − | + | ultimately be fixed.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 99.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In view of the sacred character attributed by Moslems of all | |
countries to the cities and the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina | countries to the cities and the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina | ||
His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes to assure free | His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes to assure free | ||
| Line 1,213: | Line 1,233: | ||
accordance with the precepts of the law of the Koran. | accordance with the precepts of the law of the Koran. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 100.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes that in commercial matters the most complete equality of treatment shall | |
be assured in the territory of the Hedjaz to the persons, ships | be assured in the territory of the Hedjaz to the persons, ships | ||
and goods of nationals of any of the Allied Powers, or of any of | and goods of nationals of any of the Allied Powers, or of any of | ||
| Line 1,222: | Line 1,243: | ||
of States, Members of the League of Nations.<br><br> | of States, Members of the League of Nations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION IX.<br><br> | |
| − | + | EGYPT, SOUDAN, CYPRUS.<br> | |
| − | + | I. EGYPT.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 101.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces all rights and title in or over Egypt. This | |
renunciation shall take effect as from November 5, 1914. Turkey | renunciation shall take effect as from November 5, 1914. Turkey | ||
declares that in conformity with the action taken by the Allied | declares that in conformity with the action taken by the Allied | ||
| Line 1,233: | Line 1,254: | ||
by Great Britain on December 18, 1914.<br><br> | by Great Britain on December 18, 1914.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 102.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkish subjects habitually resident in Egypt on December 18, | |
1914, will acquire Egyptian nationality ipso facto and will lose | 1914, will acquire Egyptian nationality ipso facto and will lose | ||
their Turkish nationality, except that if at that date such persons | their Turkish nationality, except that if at that date such persons | ||
| Line 1,242: | Line 1,263: | ||
special authorisation from the Egyptian Government.<br><br> | special authorisation from the Egyptian Government.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 103.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkish subjects who became resident in Egypt after December 18, 1914, and are habitually resident there at the date of the | |
| − | + | coming into force of the present Treaty may, subject to the | |
| − | + | conditions prescribed in Article 105 for the right of option, claim | |
| − | + | Egyptian nationality, but such claim may in individual cases | |
| − | + | be refused by the competent Egyptian authority.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 104.<br><br> | |
| − | + | For all purposes connected with the present Treaty, Egypt | |
| − | + | and Egyptian nationals, their goods and vessels, shall be treated | |
| − | + | on the same footing, as from August I, 1914, as the Allied Powers, | |
| − | + | their nationals, goods and vessels, and provisions in respect of | |
| − | + | territory under Turkish sovereignty, or of territory detached from | |
| − | + | Turkey in accordance with the present Treaty, shall not apply | |
| − | + | to Egypt.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE I05.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within a period of one year after the coming into force of the | |
| − | + | present Treaty persons over eighteen years of age acquiring | |
| − | + | Egyptian nationality under the provisions of Article 102 will be | |
| − | + | entitled to opt for Turkish nationality. In case such persons, or | |
| − | + | those who under Article 103 are entitled to claim Egyptian | |
| − | + | nationality, differ in race from the majority of the population of | |
| − | + | Egypt, they will within the same period be entitled to opt for | |
| − | + | the nationality of any State in favour of which territory is | |
| − | + | detached from Turkey, if the majority of the population of that | |
| − | + | State is of the same race as the person exercising the right to opt.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Option by a husband covers a wife and option by parents | |
| − | + | covers their children under eighteen years of age.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must, | |
| − | + | except where authorised to continue to reside in Egypt, transfer | |
| − | + | within the ensuing twelve months their place of residence to the | |
| − | + | State for which they have opted. They will be entitled to retain | |
| − | + | their immovable property in Egypt, and may carry with them | |
| − | + | their movable property of every description. No export or | |
| − | + | import duties or charges may be imposed upon them in connection | |
| − | + | with the removal of such property.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 106.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Egyptian Government shall have complete liberty of | |
action in regulating the status of Turkish subjects in Egypt and | action in regulating the status of Turkish subjects in Egypt and | ||
the conditions under which they may establish themselves in | the conditions under which they may establish themselves in | ||
the territory.<br><br> | the territory.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 107.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Egyptian nationals shall be entitled, when abroad, to British | |
diplonlatic and consular protection.<br><br> | diplonlatic and consular protection.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 108.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Egyptian goods entering Turkey shall enjoy the treatment | |
accorded to British goods.<br><br> | accorded to British goods.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 109.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces in favour of Great Britain the powers conferred upon His Imperial Majesty the Sultan by the Convention | |
signed at Constantinople on October 29, 1888, relating to the | signed at Constantinople on October 29, 1888, relating to the | ||
free navigation of the Suez Canal.<br><br> | free navigation of the Suez Canal.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 110.<br><br> | |
| − | + | All property and possessions in Egypt belonging to the Turkish | |
Government pass to the Egyptian Government without payment.<br><br> | Government pass to the Egyptian Government without payment.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 111 .<br><br> | |
| − | + | All movable and immovable property in Egypt belonging to | |
Turkish nationals (who do not acquire Egyptian nationality) | Turkish nationals (who do not acquire Egyptian nationality) | ||
shall be dealt with in aecordance with the provisions of Part IX | shall be dealt with in aecordance with the provisions of Part IX | ||
(Economie Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | (Economie Clauses) of the present Treaty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 112.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces all claim to the tribute formerly paid by | |
Egypt.<br><br> | Egypt.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Great Britain undertakes to relieve Turkey of all liability in | |
respect of the Turkish loans secured on the Egyptian tribute.<br><br> | respect of the Turkish loans secured on the Egyptian tribute.<br><br> | ||
| Line 1,331: | Line 1,352: | ||
The guaranteed loan of 1855;<br> | The guaranteed loan of 1855;<br> | ||
| − | + | The loan of 1894 representing the converted loans of 1854 and | |
1871; | 1871; | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
The loan of 1891 representing the converted loan of 1877.<br><br> | The loan of 1891 representing the converted loan of 1877.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The sums which the Khedives of Egypt have from time to | |
time undertaken to pay over to the houses by which these loans | time undertaken to pay over to the houses by which these loans | ||
| − | + | were issued will be applied as heretofore to the interest and the | |
| − | + | sinking funds of the loans of 1894 and 1891 until the final extinction of those loans. The Government of Egypt will also continue to apply the sum hitherto paid towards the interest on | |
| − | + | the guaranteed loan of 1855.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Upon the extinction of these loans of 1894, 1891 and 1855, all | |
| − | + | liability on the part of the Egyptian Government arising out of | |
| − | + | the tribute formerly paid by Egypt to Turkey will cease.<br><br> | |
| − | + | 2. SOUDAN.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 113.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties declare and place on record | |
| − | + | that they have taken note of the Convention between the British | |
| − | + | Government and the Egyptian Government defining the status | |
| − | + | and regulating the administration of the Soudan, signed on | |
| − | + | January I9, I899, as amended by the supplementary Convention | |
| − | + | relating to the town of Suakin signed on July 10, 1899.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 114.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Soudanese shall be entitled when in foreign countries to British diplomatic and consular protection.<br><br> | |
| − | + | 3. CYPRUS<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 115.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties recognise the annexation of | |
| − | + | Cyprus proclaimed by the British Government on November 5, | |
| − | + | 1914.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 116.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces all rights and title over or relating to | |
| − | + | Cyprus, including the right to the tribute formerly paid by that | |
| − | + | island to the Sultan.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 117.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkish nationals born or habitually resident in Cyprus will | |
| − | + | acquire British nationality and lose their Turkish nationality, | |
| − | + | subject to the conditions laid down in the local law.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION X.<br><br> | |
| − | + | MOROCCO, TUNIS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 118.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey recognises the French Protectorate in Morocco, and | |
accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take | accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take | ||
effect as from March 30, 1912.<br><br> | effect as from March 30, 1912.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 119.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Moroccan goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same | |
treatment as French goods.<br><br> | treatment as French goods.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 120.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey recognises the French Protectorate over Tunis and | |
accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take | accepts all the consequences thereof. This recognition shall take | ||
effect as from May 12, 1881.<br><br> | effect as from May 12, 1881.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Tunisian goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same | |
treatment as French goods.<br><br> | treatment as French goods.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION XI.<br><br> | |
| − | + | LIBYA, AEGEAN ISLANDS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 121.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey definitely renounces all rights and privileges which | |
under the Treaty of Lausanne of October 18, 1912, were left to | under the Treaty of Lausanne of October 18, 1912, were left to | ||
the Sultan in Libya.<br><br> | the Sultan in Libya.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 122.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces in favour of Italy all rights and title over | |
the following islands of the Aegean Sea; Stampalia (Astropalia), | the following islands of the Aegean Sea; Stampalia (Astropalia), | ||
Rhodes (Rhodos), Calki (Kharki), Scarpanto, Casos (Casso) | Rhodes (Rhodos), Calki (Kharki), Scarpanto, Casos (Casso) | ||
| Line 1,419: | Line 1,440: | ||
are now occupied by Italy, and the islets dependent thereon, and | are now occupied by Italy, and the islets dependent thereon, and | ||
also over the island of Castellorizzo.<br><br> | also over the island of Castellorizzo.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | SECTION Xll.<br><br> | |
| − | + | NATIONALITY.<br><br> | |
| + | ARTICLE 123.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Turkish subjects habitually resident in territory which in | |
| − | + | accordance with the provisions of the present Treaty is detached | |
| − | + | from Turkey will become ipso facto, in the conditions laid down | |
| − | + | by the local law, nationals of the State to which such territory is | |
| − | + | transferred.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 124.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Persons over eighteen years of age losing their Turkish nationality and obtaining ipso facto a new nationality under Article | |
| − | + | 123 shall be entitled within a period of one year from the coming | |
| − | + | into force of the present Treaty to opt for Turkish nationality.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 125.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Persons over eighteen years of age habitually resident in | |
| − | + | territory detached from Turkey in accordance with the present | |
| − | + | Treaty and differing in race from the majority of the population | |
| − | + | of such territory shall within one year from the coming into | |
| − | + | force of the present Treaty be entitled to opt for Armenia, | |
| − | + | Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, the Hedjaz, Mesopotamia, Syria, | |
| − | + | Bulgaria or Turkey, if the majority of the population of the | |
| − | + | State selected is of the same race as the person exercising the | |
| − | + | right to opt.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 126.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Persons who have exercised the right to opt in accordance with the provisions of Articles 124 or 125 must within the succeeding | |
| − | + | twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State for | |
| − | + | which they have opted.<br><br> | |
| − | + | They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in | |
| − | + | the territory of the other State where they had their place of | |
| − | + | residence before exercising their right to opt.<br><br> | |
| − | + | They may carry with them their movable property of every | |
| − | + | description. No export or import duties may be imposed upon | |
| − | + | them in connection with the removal of such property.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 127.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties undertake to put no hindrance | |
in the way of the exercise of the right which the persons concerned have under the present Treaty, or under the Treaties of | in the way of the exercise of the right which the persons concerned have under the present Treaty, or under the Treaties of | ||
Peace concluded with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Hungary | Peace concluded with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Hungary | ||
| Line 1,470: | Line 1,492: | ||
them.<br><br> | them.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In particular, Turkey undertakes to facilitate by every means | |
in her power the voluntary emigration of persons desiring to | in her power the voluntary emigration of persons desiring to | ||
avail themselves of the right to opt provided by Article 125, and | avail themselves of the right to opt provided by Article 125, and | ||
| Line 1,476: | Line 1,498: | ||
object by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | object by the Council of the League of Nations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 128.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to recognise any new nationality which has | |
been or may be acquired by her nationals under the laws of the | been or may be acquired by her nationals under the laws of the | ||
Allied Powers or new States and in accordance with the decisions | Allied Powers or new States and in accordance with the decisions | ||
| Line 1,486: | Line 1,508: | ||
country of origin.<br><br> | country of origin.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In particular, persons who before the coming into force of the | |
present Treaty have acquired the nationality of one of the Allied | present Treaty have acquired the nationality of one of the Allied | ||
Powers in accordance with the law of such Power shall be | Powers in accordance with the law of such Power shall be | ||
| Line 1,495: | Line 1,517: | ||
nationality.<br><br> | nationality.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 129.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Jews of other than Turkish nationality who are habitually | |
resident, on the coming into force of the present Treaty, within | resident, on the coming into force of the present Treaty, within | ||
the boundaries of Palestine, as determined in accordance with | the boundaries of Palestine, as determined in accordance with | ||
| Line 1,503: | Line 1,525: | ||
exclusion of any other nationality.<br><br> | exclusion of any other nationality.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 130.<br><br> | |
| − | + | For the purposes of the provisions of this Section, the status | |
| − | + | of a married woman will be governed by that of her husband and | |
| − | + | the status of children under eighteen years of age by that of their | |
| − | + | parents.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 131.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna | |
| − | + | and the territory defined in Article 66 as from the establishment | |
| − | + | of the final status of the territory in accordance with Article 83.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION XIII.<br><br> | |
| − | + | GENERAL PROVISIONS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 132.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Outside her frontiers as fixed by the present Treaty Turkey | |
| − | + | hereby renounces in favour of the Principal Allied Powers all | |
| − | + | rights and title which she could claim on any ground over or | |
| − | + | concerning any territories outside Europe which are not otherwise disposed of by the present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to recognise and conform to the measures | |
| − | + | which may be taken now or in the future by the Principal Allied | |
| − | + | Powers, in agreement where necessary with third Powers, in | |
| − | + | order to carry the above stipulation into effect.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 133.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of the Treaties | |
| − | + | of Peace and Additional Conventions concluded by the Allied | |
| − | + | Powers with the Powers who fought on the side of Turkey, and | |
| − | + | to recognise whatever dispositions have been or may be made | |
| − | + | concerning the territories of the former German Empire, of | |
| − | + | Austria, of Hungary and of Bulgaria, and to recognise the new | |
| − | + | States within their frontiers as there laid down.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 134.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey hereby recognises and accepts the frontiers of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Roumania, | |
| − | + | the Serb-Croat-Slovene State and the Czecho-Slovak State as | |
| − | + | these frontiers may be determined by the Treaties referred to in | |
| − | + | Article 133 or by any supplementary conventions. | |
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 135.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of all treaties or | |
agreements which may be entered into by the Allied Powers | agreements which may be entered into by the Allied Powers | ||
with States now existing or coming into existence in future in | with States now existing or coming into existence in future in | ||
| Line 1,558: | Line 1,579: | ||
States as determined therein.<br><br> | States as determined therein.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Turkey acknowledges and agrees to respect as permanent and | |
inalienable the independence of the said States.<br><br> | inalienable the independence of the said States.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In accordance with the provisions of Article 259, Part VIII | |
(Financial Clauses), and Article 277, Part IX (Economic | (Financial Clauses), and Article 277, Part IX (Economic | ||
Clauses), of the present Treaty, Turkey accepts definitely the | Clauses), of the present Treaty, Turkey accepts definitely the | ||
| Line 1,567: | Line 1,588: | ||
conventions and agreements entered into by her with the Maximalist Government in Russia.<br><br> | conventions and agreements entered into by her with the Maximalist Government in Russia.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 136.<br><br> | |
| − | + | A Commission composed of four members, appointed by the | |
British Empire, France, Italy and Japan respectively, shall be | British Empire, France, Italy and Japan respectively, shall be | ||
set up within three months from the coming into force of the | set up within three months from the coming into force of the | ||
| Line 1,578: | Line 1,599: | ||
system.<br><br> | system.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The scheme prepared by the Commission will be submitted | |
to the Governments of the Allied and neutral Powers concerned. | to the Governments of the Allied and neutral Powers concerned. | ||
As soon as the Principal Allied Powers have approved the | As soon as the Principal Allied Powers have approved the | ||
| Line 1,584: | Line 1,605: | ||
agrees to accept the new system.<br><br> | agrees to accept the new system.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right to agree among | |
themselves, and if necessary with the other Allied or neutral | themselves, and if necessary with the other Allied or neutral | ||
Powers concerned, as to the date on which the new system is to | Powers concerned, as to the date on which the new system is to | ||
come into force.<br><br> | come into force.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 137.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Without prejudice to the provisions of Part VII (Penalties), | |
no inhabitant of Turkey shall be disturbed or molested, under | no inhabitant of Turkey shall be disturbed or molested, under | ||
| − | + | any pretext whatever, on account of any political or military | |
| − | + | action taken by him, or any assistance of any kind given by | |
| − | + | him to the Allied Powers, or their nationals, between August 1, | |
| − | + | 1914, and the coming into force of the present Treaty; all sentences pronounced against any inhabitant of Turkey for the | |
| − | + | above reasons shall be completely annulled, and any proceedings | |
| − | + | already instituted shall be arrested.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 138.<br><br> | |
| − | + | No inhabitant of territory detached from Turkey in accordance | |
| − | + | with the present Treaty shall be disturbed or molested on | |
| − | + | account of his political attitude after August 1, 1914, or of the | |
| − | + | determination of his nationality effected in accordance with the | |
| − | + | present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 139.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Turkey renounces formally all rights of suzerainty or jurisdiction of any kind over Moslems who are subject to the sovereignty | |
| − | + | or protectorate of any other State.<br><br> | |
| − | + | No power shall be exercised directly or indirectly by any | |
| − | + | Turkish authority whatever in any territory detached from | |
| − | + | Turkey or of which the existing status under the present Treaty | |
| − | + | is recognised by Turkey.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PART IV.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PROTECTION OF MINORITIES.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 140.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes that the stipulations contained in Articles | |
141, I45 and I47 shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and | 141, I45 and I47 shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and | ||
that no civil or military law or regulation, no Imperial Iradeh | that no civil or military law or regulation, no Imperial Iradeh | ||
| Line 1,630: | Line 1,650: | ||
prevail over them.<br><br> | prevail over them.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 141.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to assure full and complete protection | |
of life and liberty to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction | of life and liberty to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction | ||
of birth, nationality, language, race or religion. | of birth, nationality, language, race or religion. | ||
| − | + | All inhabitants of Turkey shall be entitled to the free exercise, | |
whether public or private, of any creed, religion or belief.<br><br> | whether public or private, of any creed, religion or belief.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The penalties for any interference with the free exercise of | |
the right referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the | the right referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the | ||
same whatever may be the creed concerned.<br><br> | same whatever may be the creed concerned.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 142.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Whereas, in view of the terrorist regime which has existed in | |
Turkey since November 1, 1914, conversions to Islam could not | Turkey since November 1, 1914, conversions to Islam could not | ||
take place under normal conditions, no conversions since that | take place under normal conditions, no conversions since that | ||
| Line 1,652: | Line 1,672: | ||
the necessary formalities for embracing the Islamic faith.<br><br> | the necessary formalities for embracing the Islamic faith.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In order to repair so far as possible the wrongs inflicted on | |
individuals in the course of the massacres perpetrated in Turkey | individuals in the course of the massacres perpetrated in Turkey | ||
during the war, the Turkish Government undertakes to afford | during the war, the Turkish Government undertakes to afford | ||
| Line 1,659: | Line 1,679: | ||
or placed in captivity since November 1, 1914.<br><br> | or placed in captivity since November 1, 1914.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate the operations of mixed commissions appointed by the Council of the League of Nations to receive the complaints of the victims themselves, their families or their relations, to make the necessary | |
| − | + | enquiries, and to order the liberation of the persons in question.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to ensure the execution<br><br> | |
| − | + | of the decisions of these commissions, and to assure the security | |
| − | + | and the liberty of the persons thus restored to the full enjoyment | |
| − | + | of their rights.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 143<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes to recognise such provisions as the Allied Powers may consider opportune with respect to the reciprocal | |
| − | + | and voluntary emigration of persons belonging to racial minorities.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey renounces any right to avail herself of the provisions | |
| − | + | of Article I6 of the Convention between Greece and Bulgaria | |
| − | + | relating to reciprocal emigration, signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on | |
| − | + | November 27, 19l9. Within six months from the coming into | |
| − | + | force of the present Treaty, Greece and Turkey will enter into a | |
| − | + | special arrangement relating to the reciprocal and voluntary | |
| − | + | emigration of the populations of Turkish and Greek race in the | |
| − | + | territories transferred to Greece and remaining Turkish respectively.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In case agreement cannot be reached as to such arrangement, | |
| − | + | Greece and Turkey will be entitled to apply to the Council of | |
| − | + | the League of Nations, which will fix the terms of such arrangement.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 144.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government recognises the injustice of the law | |
| − | + | of 1915 relating to Abandoned Properties <i>(Emval-i-Metroukeh)</i>, | |
| − | + | and of the supplementary provisions thereof, and declares them | |
| − | + | to be null and void, in the past as in the future.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government solemnly undertakes to facilitate | |
| − | + | to the greatest possible extent the return to their homes and re-establishment in their businesses of the Turkish subjects of | |
| − | + | non-Turkish race who have been forcibly driven from their homes | |
| − | + | by fear of massacre or any other form of pressure since January | |
| − | + | 1, 1914. It recognises that any immovable or movable property | |
| − | + | of the said Turkish subjects or of the communities to which they | |
| − | + | belong, which can be recovered, must be restored to them as | |
soon as possible, in whatever hands it may be found. Such | soon as possible, in whatever hands it may be found. Such | ||
property shall be restored free of all charges or servitudes with | property shall be restored free of all charges or servitudes with | ||
| Line 1,706: | Line 1,726: | ||
whom they derived title.<br><br> | whom they derived title.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government agrees that arbitral commissions | |
shall be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations | shall be appointed by the Council of the League of Nations | ||
wherever found necessary. These commissions shall each be | wherever found necessary. These commissions shall each be | ||
| Line 1,716: | Line 1,736: | ||
summary procedure. | summary procedure. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | The arbitral commissions will have power to order:<br><br> | |
| + | |||
| + | (1) The provision by the Turkish Government of labour for | ||
any work of reconstruction or restoration deemed necessary. | any work of reconstruction or restoration deemed necessary. | ||
This labour shall be recruited from the races inhabiting the | This labour shall be recruited from the races inhabiting the | ||
| Line 1,724: | Line 1,745: | ||
of the said works to be necessary<br><br> | of the said works to be necessary<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (2) The removal of any person who, after enquiry, shall be | |
recognised as having taken an active part in massacres or deportations or as having provoked them; the measures to be taken | recognised as having taken an active part in massacres or deportations or as having provoked them; the measures to be taken | ||
with regard to such person's possessions will be indicated by the | with regard to such person's possessions will be indicated by the | ||
commission;<br><br> | commission;<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (3) The disposal of property belonging to members of a community who have died or disappeared since January 1, 1914, | |
without leaving heirs; such property may be handed over to the | without leaving heirs; such property may be handed over to the | ||
community instead of to the State | community instead of to the State | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | (4) The cancellation of all acts of sale or any acts creating | ||
rights over immovable property concluded after January 1, | rights over immovable property concluded after January 1, | ||
I914. The indemnification of the holders will be a charge upon | I914. The indemnification of the holders will be a charge upon | ||
| Line 1,742: | Line 1,764: | ||
holder of such property.<br><br> | holder of such property.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate in the | |
fullest possible measure the work of the commissions and to | fullest possible measure the work of the commissions and to | ||
ensure the execution of their decisions, which will be final. No | ensure the execution of their decisions, which will be final. No | ||
| − | + | decision of the Turkish judicial or administrative authorities | |
| − | + | shall prevail over such decisions.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 145.<br><br> | |
| − | + | All Turkish nationals shall be equal before the law and shall | |
| − | + | enjoy the same civil and political rights without distinction as | |
| − | + | to race, language or religion.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Difference of religion, creed or confession shall not prejudice | |
| − | + | any Turkish national in matters relating to the enjoyment of | |
| − | + | civil or political rights, as for instance admission to public employments, functions and honours, or the exercise of professions | |
| − | + | and industries.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within a period of two years from the coming into force of the | |
| − | + | present Treaty the Turkish Government will submit to the | |
| − | + | Allied Powers a scheme for the organisation of an electoral system based on the principle of proportional representation of | |
| − | + | racial minorities.<br><br> | |
| − | + | No restriction shall be imposed on the free use by any Turkish | |
| − | + | national of any language in private intercourse, in commerce, | |
| − | + | religion, in the press or in publications of any kind, or at public | |
| − | + | meetings. Adequate facilities shall be given to Turkish nationals | |
| − | + | of non-Turkish speech for the use of their language, either orally | |
| − | + | or in writing, before the courts.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 146.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to recognize the validity | |
| − | + | of diplomas granted by recognised foreign universities and | |
| − | + | schools, and to admit the holders thereof to the free exercise of | |
| − | + | the professions and industries for which such diplomas qualify.<br><br> | |
| − | + | This provision will apply equally to nationals of Allied | |
| − | + | powers who are resident in Turkey.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 147.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkish nationals who belong to racial, religious or linguistic | |
| − | + | minorities shall enjoy the ame treatment and security in law | |
| − | + | and in fact as other Turkish nationals. In particular they shall | |
| − | + | have an equal right to establish, manage and control at their | |
| − | + | own expense, and independently of and without interference by | |
| − | + | the Turkish authorities, any charitable, religious and social institutions, schools for primary, secondary and higher instruction and other educational establishments, with the right to use | |
their own language and to exercise their own religion freely | their own language and to exercise their own religion freely | ||
therein.<br><br> | therein.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 148.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion | |
of Turkish nationals belonging to racial, linguistic or religious | of Turkish nationals belonging to racial, linguistic or religious | ||
minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share | minorities, these minorities shall be assured an equitable share | ||
| Line 1,801: | Line 1,823: | ||
budgets for educational or charitable purposes.<br><br> | budgets for educational or charitable purposes.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The sums in question shall be paid to the qualified representatives of the communities concerned. | |
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 149.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to recognise and respect | |
the ecclesiastical and scholastic autonomy of all racial minorities | the ecclesiastical and scholastic autonomy of all racial minorities | ||
in Turkey. For this purpose, and subject to any provisions to | in Turkey. For this purpose, and subject to any provisions to | ||
| Line 1,815: | Line 1,838: | ||
as by ministerial orders or orders of the Grand Vizier.<br><br> | as by ministerial orders or orders of the Grand Vizier.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | All laws, decrees, regulations and circulars issued by the | |
Turkish Government and containing abrogations, restrictions or | Turkish Government and containing abrogations, restrictions or | ||
amendments of such prerogatives and immunities shall be considered to such extent null and void.<br><br> | amendments of such prerogatives and immunities shall be considered to such extent null and void.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Any modification of the Turkish judical system which may be | |
introduced in accordance with the provisions of the present | introduced in accordance with the provisions of the present | ||
Treaty shall be held to override this Article, in so far as such | Treaty shall be held to override this Article, in so far as such | ||
modification may affect individuals belonging to racial minorities.<br><br> | modification may affect individuals belonging to racial minorities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 150.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In towns and districts where there is resident a considerable | |
proportion of Turkish nationals of the Christian or Jewish religions the Turkish Government undertakes that such Turkish | proportion of Turkish nationals of the Christian or Jewish religions the Turkish Government undertakes that such Turkish | ||
nationals shall not be compelled to perform any act which constitutes a violation of their faith or religious observances, and shall | nationals shall not be compelled to perform any act which constitutes a violation of their faith or religious observances, and shall | ||
not be placed under any disability by reason of their refusal to | not be placed under any disability by reason of their refusal to | ||
attend courts of law or to perform any legal business on their | attend courts of law or to perform any legal business on their | ||
| − | + | weekly day of rest. This provision, however, shall not exempt | |
| − | + | such Turkish nationals (Christians or Jews) from such obligations as shall be imposed upon all other Turkish nationals for the | |
| − | + | preservation of public order.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 151.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Principal Allied Powers, in consultation with the Council | |
| − | + | of the League of Nations, will decide what measures are necessary | |
| − | + | to guarantee the execution of the provisions of this Part. The | |
| − | + | Turkish Government hereby accepts all decisions which may be | |
| − | + | taken on this subject.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PART V.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | MILITARY, NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation | |
of the armaments of all nations, Turkey undertakes strictly to | of the armaments of all nations, Turkey undertakes strictly to | ||
observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow.<br><br> | observe the military, naval and air clauses which follow.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION I.<br><br> | |
| − | + | MILITARY CLAUSES.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CHAPTER I.<br> | |
| − | + | GENERAL CLAUSES.<br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 152.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | The armed force at the disposal of Turkey shall only consist of:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (I) The Sultan's bodyguard;<br> | |
| − | + | (2) Troops of gendarmerie, intended to maintain order and | |
security in the interior and to ensure the protection of minorities<br> | security in the interior and to ensure the protection of minorities<br> | ||
| − | + | (3) Special elements intended for the reinforcement of the | |
troops of gendarmerie in case of serious trouble, and eventually | troops of gendarmerie in case of serious trouble, and eventually | ||
to ensure the control of the frontiers. | to ensure the control of the frontiers. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 153.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Within six months from the coming into force of the present | |
Treaty, the military forces other than that provided for in | Treaty, the military forces other than that provided for in | ||
Article 152 shall be demobilised and disbanded.<br><br> | Article 152 shall be demobilised and disbanded.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | CHAPTER II.<br><br> | |
| − | + | EFFECTIVES, ORGANISATION AND CADRES OF THE TURKISH | |
| − | + | ARMED FORCE.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 154.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | The Sultan's bodyguard shall consist of a staff and infantry | ||
and cavalry units, the strength of which shall not exceed 700 | and cavalry units, the strength of which shall not exceed 700 | ||
offirers and men. This strength is not included in the total | offirers and men. This strength is not included in the total | ||
force provided for in Article 155.<br><br> | force provided for in Article 155.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The composition of this guard is given in <a href="http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil1.gif"> Table 1 annexed to | |
| − | + | this Section.</a><br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 155.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The total strength of the forces enumerated in paragraphs (2) | |
| − | + | and (3) of Article 152 shall not exceed 50,000 men, including | |
| − | + | staffs, offficers, training personnel and depot troops.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 156.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The troops of gendarmerie shall be distributed over the territory of Turkey, which for this purpose will be divided into territorial areas to be delimited as provided in Article 200.<br><br> | |
| − | + | A legion of gendarmerie, composed of mounted and unmounted troops, provided with machine guns and with administrative and medical services will be organised in each territorial | |
| − | + | region, it will supply in the vilayets, sandjaks, cazas, etc., the | |
| − | + | detachments necessary for the organisation of a fixed protective | |
| − | + | service, mobile reserves being at its disposal at one or more | |
| − | + | points within the region.<br><br> | |
| − | + | On account of their special duties, the legions shall not include | |
| − | + | either artillery or technical services.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The total strength of the legions shall not exceed 35,000 men, | |
| − | + | to be included in the total strength of the armed force provided | |
| − | + | for in Article 155.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The maximum strength of any one legion shall not exceed one | |
| − | + | quarter of the total strength of the legions.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The elements of any one legion shall not be employed outside the territory of their region, except by special authorisation | |
| − | + | from the Inter-Allied Commission provided for in Article 200.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ARTICLE 157.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The special elements for reinforcements may include details | |
| − | + | of infantry, cavalry, mountain artillery, pioneers and the corresponding technical and general services; their total strength | |
| − | + | shall not exceed 15,000 men, to be included in the total strength | |
| − | + | provided for in Article 155.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The number of such reinforcements for any one legion shall | |
| − | + | not exceed one third of the whole strength of these elements | |
| − | + | without the special authority of the Inter-Allied Commission | |
| − | + | provided for in Article 200.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The proportion of the various arms and services entering into | |
the composition of these special elements is laid down in Table II annexed to this Section.<br><br> | the composition of these special elements is laid down in Table II annexed to this Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Their quartering will be fixed as provided in Article 200.<br><br> | |
| − | + | To<a href="http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil2.gif">Table 2</a><br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 158.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the formations referred to in Articles 156 and 157, the proportion of officers, including the personnel of staffs and special | |
services, shall not exceed one twentieth of the total effectives | services, shall not exceed one twentieth of the total effectives | ||
with the colours, and that of non-commissioned officers shall not | with the colours, and that of non-commissioned officers shall not | ||
exceed one twelfth of the total effectives with the colours. | exceed one twelfth of the total effectives with the colours. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 159.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Offficers supplied by the various Allied or neutral Powers shail | |
collaborate, under the direction of the Turkish Government, in | collaborate, under the direction of the Turkish Government, in | ||
the command, the organisation and the training of the gendarmerie officers authorised by Article 158, but their number | the command, the organisation and the training of the gendarmerie officers authorised by Article 158, but their number | ||
| Line 1,949: | Line 1,976: | ||
this Article.<br><br> | this Article.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 160.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In any one territorial region all officers placed at the disposal | |
of the Turkish Government under the conditions laid down in | of the Turkish Government under the conditions laid down in | ||
Article 159 shall in principle be of the same nationality.<br><br> | Article 159 shall in principle be of the same nationality.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 161.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article | |
178, excluding the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace | 178, excluding the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace | ||
Tenedos and Mitylene, the forces o | Tenedos and Mitylene, the forces o | ||
| Line 1,963: | Line 1,990: | ||
in occupation of that zone.<br><br> | in occupation of that zone.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 162.<br><br> | |
| − | + | All measures of mobilisation, or appertaining to mobilisation | |
or tending to an increase of the strength or of the means of | or tending to an increase of the strength or of the means of | ||
transport of any of the forces provided for in this Chapter are | transport of any of the forces provided for in this Chapter are | ||
forbidden.<br><br> | forbidden.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The various formations, staffs and administrative services | |
shall not, in any case, include supplementary cadres.<br><br> | shall not, in any case, include supplementary cadres.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 163.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within the period fixed by Article 153, all existing forces of | |
| − | + | gendarmerie shall be amalgamated with the legions provided for | |
| − | + | in Article 156.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 164.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The formation of any body of troops not provided for in this | |
| − | + | Section is forbidden.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The suppression of existing formations which are in excess of | |
| − | + | the authorised strength of 50,000 men (not including the Sultan's | |
| − | + | bodyguard) shall be effected progressively from the date of the | |
| − | + | signature of the present Treaty, in such manner as to be completed within six months at the latest after the coming into | |
| − | + | force of the Treaty, in accordance with the provisions of Article | |
| − | + | 158.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The number of offficers, or persons in the position of offficers, | |
| − | + | in the War Ministry and the Turkish General Staff, as well as | |
| − | + | in the administrations attached to them, shail, within the same | |
| − | + | period, be reduced to the establishment considered by the Commission referred to in Article 200 as strictly necessary for the | |
| − | + | good working of the general services of the armed Turkish force, | |
| − | + | this establishment being included in the maximum figure laid | |
| − | + | down in Article 158.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CHAPTER III.<br><br> | |
| − | + | RECRUITING.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 165.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish armed force shall in future be constituted and | |
| − | + | recruited by voluntary enlistment only.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Enlistment shall be open to all subjects of the Turkish State | |
| − | + | equally, without distinction of race or religion.<br><br> | |
| − | + | As regards the legions referred to in Article 156, their system | |
| − | + | of recruiting shall be in principle regional, and so regulated that | |
| − | + | the Moslem and non-Moslem elements of the population of each | |
| − | + | region may be, so far as possible, represented on the strength of | |
| − | + | the corresponding legion.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply to offficers | |
| − | + | as well as to men.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 166.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The length of engagement of non-commissioned officers and | |
| − | + | men shall be twelve consecutive years.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The annual replacement of men released from service for any | |
reason whatever before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not exceed five per cent. of the total effectives fixed hy Article 155.<br><br> | reason whatever before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not exceed five per cent. of the total effectives fixed hy Article 155.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 167.<br><br> | |
All officers must be regulars <i>(officers de carrière)</i>.<br><br> | All officers must be regulars <i>(officers de carrière)</i>.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Officers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie | |
who are retained in the new armed force must undertake to | who are retained in the new armed force must undertake to | ||
serve at least up to the age of forty-five.<br><br> | serve at least up to the age of forty-five.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Offficers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie who | |
are not admitted to the new armed force shall be definitely released from all military obligations, and must not take part in | are not admitted to the new armed force shall be definitely released from all military obligations, and must not take part in | ||
any military exercises, theoretical or practical.<br><br> | any military exercises, theoretical or practical.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Officers newly-appointed must undertake to serve on the | |
active list for at least twenty-five consecutive years.<br><br> | active list for at least twenty-five consecutive years.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The annual replacement of officers leaving the service for any | |
cause before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not | cause before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not | ||
exceed five per cent. of the total effectives of officers provided | exceed five per cent. of the total effectives of officers provided | ||
by Article 158.<br><br> | by Article 158.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | CHAPTER IV.<br><br> | |
SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS, MILITARY CLASS | SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS, MILITARY CLASS | ||
| − | + | AND SOCIETIES<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 168.<br><br> | |
| − | + | On the expiration of three months from the coming into force | |
of the present Treaty there must only exist in Turkey the number of military schools which is absolutely indispensable for the | of the present Treaty there must only exist in Turkey the number of military schools which is absolutely indispensable for the | ||
recruitment of offficers and non-commissioned officers of the | recruitment of offficers and non-commissioned officers of the | ||
units allowed, i.e.:<br><br> | units allowed, i.e.:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | school for officers;<br><br> | |
| − | + | 1 school per territorial region for non-commissioned officers. | |
| − | + | <br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | The number of students admitted to instruction in these | ||
schools shall be strictly in proportion to the vacancies to be | schools shall be strictly in proportion to the vacancies to be | ||
filled in the cadres of officers and non-commissioned officers.<br><br> | filled in the cadres of officers and non-commissioned officers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 169.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Educational establishments, other than those referred to in | |
Article 168, as well as all sporting or other societies, must not | Article 168, as well as all sporting or other societies, must not | ||
occupy themselves with any military matters.<br><br> | occupy themselves with any military matters.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | CHAPTER V.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, LOCAL URBAN AND RURAL POLICE, | |
| − | + | FOREST GUARDS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 170.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 48, Part III | |
| − | + | (Political Clauses), the number of customs officials, local urban | |
| − | + | or rural police, forest guards or other like officials shall not | |
| − | + | exceed the number of men employed in a similar capacity in | |
| − | + | 1913 within the territorial limits of Turkey as fixed by the | |
| − | + | present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The number of these officials may only be increased in the | |
| − | + | future in proportion to the increase of population in the localities | |
| − | + | or municipalities which employ them.<br><br> | |
| − | + | These employees and officials, as well as those employed in the railway service, must not be assembled for the purpose of taking | |
| − | + | part in any military exercises.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | In each administrative district the local urban and rural | |
| − | + | police and forest guards shall be recruited and officered according to the principles laid down in the case of the gendarmerie | |
| − | + | by Article 165.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the Turkish police, which, as forming part of the civil administration of Turkey, will remain distinct from the Turkish | |
| − | + | armed force, officers or officials supplied by the various Allied | |
| − | + | or neutral Powers shall collaborate, under the direction of the | |
| − | + | Turkish Government, in the organisation the command and | |
| − | + | the training of the said police. The number of these officers or | |
| − | + | officials shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of the strength of similar | |
| − | + | Turkish officers or officials.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CHAPTER VI.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS AND MATERIAL<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 171 .<br><br> | |
| − | + | On the expiration of six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, the armament which may be in use or held | |
| − | + | in reserve for replacement in the various formations of the | |
| − | + | Turkish armed force shall not exceed the figures fixed per thousand men in Table III annexed to this Section.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 172<br><br> | |
| − | + | The stock of munitions at the disposal of Turkey shall not | |
exceed the amounts fixed in Table III annexed to this Section.<br><br> | exceed the amounts fixed in Table III annexed to this Section.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 173.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within six months from the coming into force of the present | |
Treaty all existing arms, munitions of the various categories and | Treaty all existing arms, munitions of the various categories and | ||
war material in excess of the quantities authorised shall be | war material in excess of the quantities authorised shall be | ||
| Line 2,124: | Line 2,151: | ||
by this Commission.<br><br> | by this Commission.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Principal Allied Powers will decide what is to be done | |
with this material.<br><br> | with this material.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 174.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The manufacture of arms, munitions and war material, including aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, shall | |
take place only in the factories or establishments authorised by | take place only in the factories or establishments authorised by | ||
the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Within six months from the coming into force of the present | |
Treaty all other establishments for the manufacture, preparation, | Treaty all other establishments for the manufacture, preparation, | ||
storage or design of arms, munitions or any war material shall | storage or design of arms, munitions or any war material shall | ||
be abolished or converted to purely commercial uses.<br><br> | be abolished or converted to purely commercial uses.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The same will apply to all arsenals other than those utilised | |
as depots for the authorised stocks of munitions.<br><br> | as depots for the authorised stocks of munitions.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The plant of establishments or arsenals in excess of that required for the authorised manufacture shall be rendered useless | |
or converted to purely commercial uses, in accordance with the | or converted to purely commercial uses, in accordance with the | ||
decisions of the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control | decisions of the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control | ||
referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 175<br><br> | |
| − | + | The importation into Turkey of arms, munitions and war | |
materials, including aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, is strictly forbidden, except with the special authority | materials, including aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, is strictly forbidden, except with the special authority | ||
of the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | of the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article 200.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The manufacture for foreign countries and the exportation of | |
arms, munitions and war material of any description is also forbidden.<br><br> | arms, munitions and war material of any description is also forbidden.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 176.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The use of flame-throwers, asphyxiating, poisonous or other | |
| − | + | gases and all similar liquids, materials or processes being forbidden, their manufacture and importation are strictly forbidden | |
| − | + | in Turkey.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Material specially intended for the manufacture, storage or | |
| − | + | use of the said products or processes is equally forbidden.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The manufacture and importation into Turkey of armoured | |
| − | + | cars, tanks or any other similar machines suitable for use in war | |
| − | + | are equally forbidden.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CHAPTER VII.<br><br> | |
| − | + | FORTIFICATIONS<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 177.<br><br> | |
| − | + | In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178 | |
| − | + | the fortifications will be disarmed and demolished as provided | |
| − | + | in that Article.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Outside this zone, and subject to the provisions of Article 89, | |
| − | + | the existing fortified works may be preserved in their present | |
| − | + | condition, but will be disarmed within the same period of three | |
| − | + | months.<br><br> | |
| − | + | CHAPTER VIII.<br><br> | |
| − | + | MAINTENANCE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE STRAITS<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 178.<br><br> | |
| − | + | For the purpose of guaranteeing the freedom of the Straits, | |
| − | + | the High Contracting Parties agree to the following provisions:<br><br> | |
| − | + | (I) Within three months from the coming into force of the | |
| − | + | present Treaty, all works, fortifications and batteries within the | |
| − | + | zone defined in Article 179 and comprising the coast and islands | |
| − | + | of the Sea of Marmora and the coast of the Straits, also those in | |
| − | + | the Islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene, shall be disarmed and demolished.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The reconstruction of these works and the construction of | |
| − | + | similar works are forbidden in the above zone and islands. France, | |
| − | + | Great Britain and Italy shall have the right to prepare for demolition any existing roads and railways in the said zone and in the | |
| − | + | islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, and Tenedos which | |
| − | + | allow of the rapid transport of mobile batteries, the construction | |
there of such roads and railways remaining forbidden.<br><br> | there of such roads and railways remaining forbidden.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace and Tenedos | |
the construction of new roads or railways must not be undertaken | the construction of new roads or railways must not be undertaken | ||
except with the authority of the three Powers mentioned above.<br><br> | except with the authority of the three Powers mentioned above.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (2) The measures prescribed in the first paragraph of (I) shall | |
be executed by and at the expense of Greece and Turkey as regards their respective territories, and under control as provided in Article 203.<br><br> | be executed by and at the expense of Greece and Turkey as regards their respective territories, and under control as provided in Article 203.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (3) The territories of the zone and the islands of Lemnos, | |
Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos, and Mitylene shall not be used | Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos, and Mitylene shall not be used | ||
for military purposes, except by the three Allied Powers referred | for military purposes, except by the three Allied Powers referred | ||
| Line 2,219: | Line 2,246: | ||
referred to in Article 152.<br><br> | referred to in Article 152.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (4) The said Powers, acting in concert, shall have the right | |
to maintain in the said territories and islands such military and | to maintain in the said territories and islands such military and | ||
air forces as they may consider necessary to prevent any action | air forces as they may consider necessary to prevent any action | ||
being taken or prepared which might directly or indirectly prejudice the freedom of the Straits.<br><br> | being taken or prepared which might directly or indirectly prejudice the freedom of the Straits.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | This supervision will be carried out in naval matters by a | |
guard-ship belonging to each of the said Allied Powers.<br><br> | guard-ship belonging to each of the said Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The forces of occupation referred to above may, in case of | |
necessity, exercise on land the right of requisition, subject to the | necessity, exercise on land the right of requisition, subject to the | ||
same conditions as those laid down in the Regulations annexed | same conditions as those laid down in the Regulations annexed | ||
| Line 2,234: | Line 2,261: | ||
shall, however, only be made against payment on the spot.<br><br> | shall, however, only be made against payment on the spot.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 179.<br><br> | |
The zone referred to in Article 178 is defined as follows:<br><br> | The zone referred to in Article 178 is defined as follows:<br><br> | ||
| Line 2,242: | Line 2,269: | ||
From Karachali on the Gulf of Xeros north-eastwards,<br> | From Karachali on the Gulf of Xeros north-eastwards,<br> | ||
| − | + | a line reaching and then following the southern boundary of | |
the basin of the Beylik Dere to the crest of the Kuru Dagh;<br> | the basin of the Beylik Dere to the crest of the Kuru Dagh;<br> | ||
then following that crest line,<br> | then following that crest line,<br> | ||
| − | + | then a straight line passing north of Emerli, and south of Derelar,<br> | |
| − | + | then curving north-north-eastwards and cutting the road from | |
| − | + | Rodosto to Malgara 3 kilometres west of Ainarjik and then | |
| − | + | passing 6 kilometres south-east of Ortaja Keui,<br> | |
| − | + | then curving north-eastwards and cutting the road from Rodosto to Hairobolu 18 kilometres northwest of Rodosto,<br> | |
| − | + | then to a point on the road from Muradli to Rodosto about | |
| − | + | kilometre south of Muradli,<br> | |
| − | + | a straight line;<br> | |
| − | + | thence east-north-eastwards to.Yeni Keui,<br> | |
| − | + | a straight line, modified, however, so as to pass at a minimum | |
| − | + | distance of 2 kilometres north of the railway from Chorlu to | |
| − | + | Chatalja;<br> | |
| − | + | thence north-north-eastwards to a point west of Istranja,<br> | |
| − | + | situated on the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article | |
| − | + | 27, 1 (2),<br> | |
| − | + | a straight line leaving the village of Yeni Keui within the zone; | |
| − | + | thence to the Black Sea,<br> | |
| − | + | the frontier of Turkey in Europe as defined in Article 27, 1 (2).<br><br> | |
| − | + | (2) In Asia:<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | From a point to be determined by the Principal Allied Powers | |
| − | + | between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele on the gulf of Adramid | |
| − | + | east-north-eastwards,<br> | |
| − | + | a line passing south of Kemer Iskele and Kemer together with | |
| − | + | the road joining these places;<br> | |
| − | + | then to a point immediately south of the point where the Decauville railway from Osmanlar to Urchanlar crosses the Diermen | |
| − | + | Dere,<br> | |
| − | + | a straight line;<br> | |
| − | + | thence north-eastwards to Manias Geul,<br> | |
| − | + | a line following the right bank of the Diermen Dere, and Kara | |
| − | + | Dere Suyu;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards, the southern shore of Manias Geul;<br> | |
| − | + | then to the point where it is crossed by the railway from Panderma to Susighirli, the course of the Kara Dere upstream;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards to a point on the Adranos Chai about | |
| − | + | kilometres from its mouth near Kara Oghlan,<br> | |
| − | + | a straight line;<br> | |
| − | + | thence eastwards, the course of this river downstream | |
| − | + | then the southern shore of Abulliont Geul;<br> | |
| + | then to the point where the railway from Mudania to Brusa | ||
crosses the Ulfer Chai, about 5 kilometres northwest of Brusa,<br> | crosses the Ulfer Chai, about 5 kilometres northwest of Brusa,<br> | ||
a straight line;<br> | a straight line;<br> | ||
| Line 2,304: | Line 2,332: | ||
a straight line.<br><br> | a straight line.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 180.<br><br> | |
| − | + | A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from | |
the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot | the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot | ||
the boundaries of the zone referred to in Article 178, except in | the boundaries of the zone referred to in Article 178, except in | ||
| Line 2,320: | Line 2,348: | ||
The expenses of this Commission will be included in the expenses of the occupation of the said zone.<br><br> | The expenses of this Commission will be included in the expenses of the occupation of the said zone.<br><br> | ||
| + | SECTION II.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | NAVAL CLAUSES.<br><br> | |
| + | ARTICLE 181.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | From the coming into force of the present Treaty all warships | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
interned in Turkish ports in accordance with the Armistice of | interned in Turkish ports in accordance with the Armistice of | ||
October 30, 1918, are declared to be finally surrendered to the | October 30, 1918, are declared to be finally surrendered to the | ||
Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Turkey will, however, retain the right to maintain along her | |
coasts for police and fishery duties a number of vessels which | coasts for police and fishery duties a number of vessels which | ||
shall not exceed:<br><br> | shall not exceed:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | 7 sloops,<br><br> | |
| − | + | 6 torpedo boats.<br><br> | |
| − | + | These vessels will constitute the Turkish Marine, and will be | |
chosen by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201 from amongst the following vessels:<br><br> | chosen by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201 from amongst the following vessels:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SLOOPS<br><br> | |
| − | + | <pre> | |
Aidan Reis. Hizir Reis. | Aidan Reis. Hizir Reis. | ||
Burock Reis. Kemal Reis. | Burock Reis. Kemal Reis. | ||
Sakis. Issa Reis. | Sakis. Issa Reis. | ||
Prevesah. | Prevesah. | ||
| − | + | </pre> | |
| − | + | TORPEDO-BOATS<br><br> | |
<pre> | <pre> | ||
Sisri Hissar. Moussoul. | Sisri Hissar. Moussoul. | ||
Sultan Hissor. Ack Hissar. | Sultan Hissor. Ack Hissar. | ||
Drach. Younnous. | Drach. Younnous. | ||
| − | + | </pre> | |
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | The authority established for the control of customs will be | ||
entitled to appeal to the three Allied Powers referred to in Article | entitled to appeal to the three Allied Powers referred to in Article | ||
| − | + | 178 in order to obtain a more considerable force, if such an increase is considered indispensable for the satisfactory working of | |
| − | + | the services concerned.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Sloops may carry a light armament of two guns inferior to 77 | |
| − | + | m /m. and two machine guns. Torpedo-boats (or patrol launches) | |
| − | + | may carry a light armament of one gun inferior to 77 m/m. | |
| − | + | All the torpedoes and torpedo-tubes on board will be removed.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 182.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey is forbidden to construct or acquire any warships | |
| − | + | other than those intended to replace the units referred to in Article 181. Torpedo-boats shall be replaced by patrol launches.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The vessels intended for replacement purposes shall not exceed: | |
| − | + | 600 tons in the case of sloops;<br><br> | |
| − | + | l00 tons in the case of patrol launches.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Except where a ship has been lost, sloops and torpedo-boats | |
| − | + | shall only be replaced after a period of twenty years, counting | |
| − | + | from the launching of the ship.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 183.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish armed transports and fleet auxiliaries enumerated | |
| − | + | below shall be disarmed and treated as merchant ships:<br><br> | |
| − | + | <i>Rechid Pasha</i> (late <i>Port Antonio</i>).<br> | |
| − | + | <i>Tir-i-Mujghion </i>(late<i> Pembroke Castle</i>).<br> | |
| − | + | <i>Kiresund</i> (late <i>Warwick Castle</i>).<br> | |
| − | + | <i>Millet</i> (late <i>Seagull</i>).<br> | |
| − | + | <i>Akdeniz.</i> | |
| − | + | Bosphorus ferry-boats Nos. 60, 61, 63 and 70.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 184.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | All warships, including submarines, now under construction in | |
| − | + | Turkey shall be broken up, with the exception of such surface | |
| − | + | vessels as can be completed for commercial purposes.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The work of breaking up these vessels shall be commenced | |
| − | + | on the coming into force of the present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 185.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Articles, machinery and material arising from the breaking up | |
| − | + | of Turkish warships of all kinds, whether surface vessels or submarines, may not be used except for purely industrial or commercial purposes. They may not be sold or disposed of to foreign countries.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 186.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The construction or acquisition of any submarine, even for | |
commercial purposes, shall be forbidden in Turkey.<br><br> | commercial purposes, shall be forbidden in Turkey.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 187.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The vessels of the Turkish Marine enumerated in Article 181 | |
must have on board or in reserve only the allowance of war | must have on board or in reserve only the allowance of war | ||
material and armaments fixed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201. Within a month | material and armaments fixed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 201. Within a month | ||
| Line 2,430: | Line 2,455: | ||
the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The manufacture of these articles in Turkish territory for, and | |
their export to, foreign countries shall be forbidden.<br><br> | their export to, foreign countries shall be forbidden.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | All other stocks, depots or reserves of arms, munitions or naval | |
war material of all kinds are forbidden.<br><br> | war material of all kinds are forbidden.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 188.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control will fix the | |
number of officers and men of all grades and corps to be admitted | number of officers and men of all grades and corps to be admitted | ||
in accordance with the provisions of Article 189, into the Turkish | in accordance with the provisions of Article 189, into the Turkish | ||
| Line 2,444: | Line 2,469: | ||
ships left to Turkey in accordance with Article 181, and the administrative personnel of the police and fisheries protection services and of the semaphore stations.<br><br> | ships left to Turkey in accordance with Article 181, and the administrative personnel of the police and fisheries protection services and of the semaphore stations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Within two months from the time when the above number is | |
fixed, the personnel of the former Turkish Navy in excess of this | fixed, the personnel of the former Turkish Navy in excess of this | ||
number shall be demobilised. | number shall be demobilised. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | No naval or military corps or reserve force in connection with | ||
the Turkish Marine may be organised in Turkey without being | the Turkish Marine may be organised in Turkey without being | ||
included in the above strength.<br><br> | included in the above strength.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 189.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The personnel of the Turkish Marine shall be recuited entirely | |
by voluntary engagements entered into for a minimum period of | by voluntary engagements entered into for a minimum period of | ||
| − | + | twenty-five consecutive years for officers, and twelve consecutive | |
| − | + | years for petty officers and men.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The number engaged to replace those discharged for any reason other than the expiration of their term of service must not | |
| − | + | exceed five per cent. per annum of the total personnel fixed by | |
| − | + | the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The personnel discharged from the former Turkish Navy must | |
| − | + | not receive any kind of naval or military training.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Officers belonging to the former Turkish Navy and not demobilised must undertake to serve till the age of forty-five, unless | |
| − | + | discharged for sufficient reason.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Officers and men belonging to the Turkish mercantile marine | |
| − | + | must not receive any kind of naval or military training.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ARTICLE 190.<br><br> | |
| − | + | On the coming into force of the present Treaty all the wireless | |
| − | + | stations in the zone referred to in Article 178 shall be handed | |
| − | + | over to the Principal Allied Powers. Greece and Turkey shall | |
| − | + | not construct any wireless stations in the said zone.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION III.<br><br> | |
| − | + | AIR CLAUSES.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 19l.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish armed forces must not include any military or | |
| − | + | naval air forces.<br><br> | |
| − | + | No dirigible shall be kept.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 192.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within two months from the coming into force of the present | |
| − | + | Treaty the personnel of the air forces on the rolls of the Turkish | |
| − | + | land and sea forces shall be demobilised.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 193.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Until the complete evacuation of Turkish territory by the | |
| − | + | Allied troops, the aircraft of the Allied Powers shall have throughout Turkish territory freedom of passage through the air, freedom | |
| − | + | of transit and of landing.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 194.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | During the six months following the coming into force of the | |
present Treaty the manufacture, importation and exportation | present Treaty the manufacture, importation and exportation | ||
of aircraft of every kind, parts of aircraft, engines for aircraft | of aircraft of every kind, parts of aircraft, engines for aircraft | ||
| Line 2,510: | Line 2,534: | ||
territory.<br><br> | territory.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 195.<br><br> | |
| − | + | On the coming into force of the present Treaty all military and | |
naval aeronautical material must be delivered by Turkey, at her | naval aeronautical material must be delivered by Turkey, at her | ||
own expense, to the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | own expense, to the Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Delivery must be completed within six months and must be | |
effected at such places as may be appointed by the Aeronautical | effected at such places as may be appointed by the Aeronautical | ||
Inter-Allied Commission of Control. The Governments of the | Inter-Allied Commission of Control. The Governments of the | ||
| Line 2,522: | Line 2,546: | ||
material.<br><br> | material.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | In particular, this material will include all items under the | |
following heads which are or have been in use or were designed | following heads which are or have been in use or were designed | ||
for warlike purposes.<br><br> | for warlike purposes.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Complete aeroplanes and seaplanes, as well as those being | |
manufactured, repaired or assembled.<br><br> | manufactured, repaired or assembled.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Dirigibles able to take the air, being manufactured, repaired | |
or assembled.<br><br> | or assembled.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind for aircraft.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Pending their delivery, dirigibles will, at the expense of Turkey | |
be maintained inflated with hydrogen; the plant for the manufacture of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigibles, may, at | be maintained inflated with hydrogen; the plant for the manufacture of hydrogen, as well as the sheds for dirigibles, may, at | ||
the discretion of the said Powers, be left to Turkey until the | the discretion of the said Powers, be left to Turkey until the | ||
dirigibles are handed over.<br><br> | dirigibles are handed over.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Engines for aircraft.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Nacelles and fuselages.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Armament (guns, machine-guns, light machine-guns, bombdropping apparatus, torpedo-dropping apparatus, synchronising | |
apparatus, aiming apparatus).<br><br> | apparatus, aiming apparatus).<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Munitions (cartridges, shells, bombs loaded or unloaded, stocks | |
of explosives or of material for their manufacture).<br><br> | of explosives or of material for their manufacture).<br><br> | ||
Instruments for use on aircraft.<br><br> | Instruments for use on aircraft.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Wireless apparatus and photographic and cinematographic | |
apparatus for use on aircraft.<br><br> | apparatus for use on aircraft.<br><br> | ||
Component parts of any of the items under the preceding heads.<br><br> | Component parts of any of the items under the preceding heads.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | All aeronautical material of whatsoever description in Turkey | |
| − | + | shall be considered primdfocie as war material, and as such may | |
| − | + | not be exported, transferred, lent, used or destroyed, but must | |
| − | + | remain on the spot until such time as the Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commission of Control referred to in Article 202 has given | |
| − | + | a decision as to its nature; this Commission will be exclusively | |
| + | entitled to decide all such points.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION IV.<br><br> | |
| − | + | INTER-ALLIED COMMISSIONS OF CONTROL AND | |
| − | + | ORGANISATION.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 196.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | Subject to any special provisions in this Part, the military, | |
| − | + | naval and air clauses contained in the present Treaty shall be | |
| − | + | executed by Turkey and at her expense under the control of | |
| − | + | Inter-Allied Commissions appointed for this purpose by the | |
| − | + | Principal Allied Powers.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The above-mentioned Commissions will represent the Principal Allied Powers in dealing with the Turkish Government in | |
| − | + | all matters relating to the execution of the military, naval or air | |
| − | + | clauses. They will communicate to the Turkish authorities the | |
| − | + | decisions which the Principal Allied Powers have reserved the | |
| − | + | right to take, or which the execution of the said clauses may | |
| − | + | necessitate.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 197.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Inter-Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation | |
| − | + | may establish their organisations at Constantinople, and will be | |
| − | + | entitled, as often as they think desirable, to proceed to any point | |
| − | + | whatever in Turkish territory, or to send sub-commissions, or to | |
| − | + | authorise one or more of their members to go, to any such point.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 198.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government must furnish to the Inter-Allied | |
| − | + | Commissions of Control and Organisation all such information | |
| − | + | and documents as the latter may deem necessary for the accomplishment of their mission, and must supply at its own expense | |
| − | + | all labour and material which the said Commissions may require | |
| − | + | in order to ensure the complete execution of the military, naval | |
or air clauses.<br><br> | or air clauses.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government shall attach a qualified representative to each Commission for the purpose of receiving all communications which the Commission may have to address to the | |
Turkish Government, and of supplying or procuring for the Commission all information or documents which may be required.<br><br> | Turkish Government, and of supplying or procuring for the Commission all information or documents which may be required.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 199.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The upkeep and cost of the Inter-Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation and the expenses incurred by their work | |
shall be borne by Turkey. | shall be borne by Turkey. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 200.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control and Organisation will be entrusted on the one hand with the supervision of | |
the execution of tbe military clauses relating to the reduction | the execution of tbe military clauses relating to the reduction | ||
of the Turkish forces within the authorised limits, the delivery | of the Turkish forces within the authorised limits, the delivery | ||
| Line 2,619: | Line 2,644: | ||
Turkish armed force.<br><br> | Turkish armed force.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (l) As the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control it | |
will be its special duty:<br><br> | will be its special duty:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (a) To fix the number of customs officials, local urban and | |
rural police, forest guards and other like officials which Turkey | rural police, forest guards and other like officials which Turkey | ||
will be authorised to maintain in accordance with Article 170.<br><br> | will be authorised to maintain in accordance with Article 170.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (b) To receive from the Turkish Government the notifications | |
relating to the location of the stocks and depots of munitions, the | relating to the location of the stocks and depots of munitions, the | ||
armament of the fortified works, fortresses and forts, the situation of the works or factories for the production of arms, munitions and war material and their operations.<br><br> | armament of the fortified works, fortresses and forts, the situation of the works or factories for the production of arms, munitions and war material and their operations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (c) To take delivery of the arms, munitions, war material and | |
plant intended for manufacture of the same, to select the points | plant intended for manufacture of the same, to select the points | ||
where such delivery is to be effected, and to supervise the works | where such delivery is to be effected, and to supervise the works | ||
| Line 2,636: | Line 2,661: | ||
present Treaty. | present Treaty. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | (2) As the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Organisation | ||
it will be its special duty:<br><br> | it will be its special duty:<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | (a) To proceed, in collaboration with the Turkish Government, | |
| − | + | with the organisation of the Turkish armed force upon the basis | |
| − | + | laid down in Chapters I to IV, Section I of this Part, with the | |
| − | + | delimitation of the territorial regions provided for in Article 156, | |
| − | + | and with the distribution of the troops of gendarmerie and the | |
| + | special elements for reinforcement between the different territorial regions;<br><br> | ||
| − | + | (b) To control the conditions for the employment, as laid down | |
| − | + | in Articles 156 and I57, of these troops of gendarmerie and these | |
| − | + | elements, and to decide what effect shall be given to requests of | |
| − | + | the Turkish Government for the provisional modification of the | |
| − | + | normal distribution of these forces determined in conformity with | |
| − | + | the said Articles;<br><br> | |
| + | |||
| + | (c) To determine the proportion by nationality of the Allied | ||
| + | and neutral officers to be engaged to serve in the Turkish gendarmerie under the conditions laid down in Article 159, and to lay | ||
| + | down the conditions under which they are to participate in the | ||
| + | different duties provided for them in the said Article.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 201.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | + | It will be the special duty of the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control to visit the building yards and to supervise the | |
| − | + | breaking-up of the ships, to take delivery of the arms, munitions | |
| + | and naval war material and to supervise their destruction and | ||
| + | breaking up.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government must furnish to the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control all such information and documents | |
| − | + | as the latter may deem necessary to ensure the complete execution | |
| − | + | of the naval clauses, in particular the designs of the warships, the | |
| − | + | composition of their armaments, the details and models of the | |
| − | + | guns, munitions, torpedoes, mines, explosives, wireless telegraphic | |
| − | + | apparatus and in general everything relating to naval war | |
| + | material, as well as all legislative or administrative documents | ||
| + | and regulations.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 202.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | It will be the special duty of the Aeronautical Inter-Allied | |
| − | + | Commission of Control to make an inventory of the aeronautical | |
| − | + | material now in the hands of the Turkish Government, to inspect | |
| − | + | aeroplane, balloon and motor manufactories and factories producing arms, munitions and explosives capable of being used by | |
aircraft, to visit all aerodromes, sheds, landing grounds, parks | aircraft, to visit all aerodromes, sheds, landing grounds, parks | ||
and depots on Turkish territory, to arrange, if necessary, for | and depots on Turkish territory, to arrange, if necessary, for | ||
the removal of material and to take delivery of such material.<br><br> | the removal of material and to take delivery of such material.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government must furnish to the Aeronautical | |
Inter-Allied Commission of Control all such information and | Inter-Allied Commission of Control all such information and | ||
legislative, administrative or other documents as the Commission | legislative, administrative or other documents as the Commission | ||
| Line 2,694: | Line 2,720: | ||
and of all sheds and landing grounds.<br><br> | and of all sheds and landing grounds.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 203.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Military, Naval and Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commissions of Control will appoint representatives who will be jointly | |
responsible for controlling the execution of the operations provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 178.<br><br> | responsible for controlling the execution of the operations provided for in paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 178.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 204.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Pending the definitive settlement of the political status of the | |
territories referred to in Article 89, the decisions of the Inter- | territories referred to in Article 89, the decisions of the Inter- | ||
Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation will be subject | Allied Commissions of Control and Organisation will be subject | ||
| Line 2,707: | Line 2,733: | ||
necessary in consequence of such settlement.<br><br> | necessary in consequence of such settlement.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 205.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Naval and Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commissions of | |
Control will cease to operate on the completion of the tasks | Control will cease to operate on the completion of the tasks | ||
assigned to them respectively by Articles 201 and 202.<br><br> | assigned to them respectively by Articles 201 and 202.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The same will apply to the section of the Military Inter-Allied | |
Commission entrusted with the functions of control prescribed in | Commission entrusted with the functions of control prescribed in | ||
Article 200 (1).<br><br> | Article 200 (1).<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The section of the said Commission entrusted with the organisation of the new Turkish armed force as provided in Article 200 | |
(2) will operate for five years from the coming into force of the | (2) will operate for five years from the coming into force of the | ||
present Treaty. The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right | present Treaty. The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right | ||
to decide, at the end of this period, whether it is desirable to maintain or suppress this section of the said Commission.<br><br> | to decide, at the end of this period, whether it is desirable to maintain or suppress this section of the said Commission.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION V.<br><br> | |
| − | + | GENERAL PROVISIONS.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 206.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The following portions of the Armistice of October 30, 1918: | |
| − | + | Articles 7, 10, 12, 13 and 24 remain in force so far as they are not | |
| − | + | inconsistent with the provisions of the present Treaty.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 207.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Turkey undertakes from the coming into force of the present | |
| − | + | Treaty not to accredit to any foreign country any military, | |
| − | + | naval or air mission, and not to send or allow the departure of | |
| − | + | such mission; she undertakes, moreover, to take the necessary | |
| − | + | steps to prevent Turkish nationals from leaving her territory in | |
| − | + | order to enlist in the army, fleet or air service of any foreign | |
| − | + | Power, or to be attached thereto with the purpose of helping | |
| − | + | in its training, or generally to give any assistance to the military, | |
| − | + | naval or air instruction in a foreign country.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Allied Powers undertake on their part that from the coming into force of the present Treaty they will neither enlist in | |
| − | + | their armies, fleets or air services nor attach to them any Turkish | |
| − | + | national with the object of helping in military training, or in | |
| − | + | general employ any Turkish national as a military, naval or air | |
| − | + | instructor.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The present provision does not, however, affect the right of | |
| − | + | France to recruit for the Foreign Legion in accordance with | |
| − | + | French military laws and regulations.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PART VI.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PRISONERS OF WAR AND GRAVES.<br><br> | |
| − | + | SECTION I.<br><br> | |
| − | + | PRISONERS OF WAR.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 208.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The repatriation of Turkish prisoners of war and interned | |
civilians who have not already been repatriated shall continue | civilians who have not already been repatriated shall continue | ||
as quickly as possible after the coming into force of the present | as quickly as possible after the coming into force of the present | ||
Treaty.<br><br> | Treaty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 209.<br><br> | |
| − | + | From the time of their delivery into the hands of the Turkish | |
authorities, the prisoners of war and interned civilians are to be | authorities, the prisoners of war and interned civilians are to be | ||
returned without delay to their homes by the said authorities.<br><br> | returned without delay to their homes by the said authorities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | Those among them who, before the war, were habitually resident in territory occupied by the troops of the Allied Powers are | |
likewise to be sent to their homes, subject to the consent and | likewise to be sent to their homes, subject to the consent and | ||
control of the military authorities of the Allied armies of occupation.<br><br> | control of the military authorities of the Allied armies of occupation.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 210.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The whole cost of repatriation from October 30, 1918, shall | |
be borne by the Turkish Government.<br><br> | be borne by the Turkish Government.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 211.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Prisoners of war and interned civilians awaiting disposal or | |
undergoing sentence for offences against discipline shall be repatriated irrespective of the completion of their sentence or of the | undergoing sentence for offences against discipline shall be repatriated irrespective of the completion of their sentence or of the | ||
proceedings pending against them.<br><br> | proceedings pending against them.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | This stipulation shall not apply to prisoners of war and interned civilians punished for offences committed subsequent to | |
June 15, 1920.<br><br> | June 15, 1920.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | During the period pending their repatriation, all prisoners of | |
war and interned civilians shall remain subject to the existing | war and interned civilians shall remain subject to the existing | ||
regulations, more especially as regards work and discipline.<br><br> | regulations, more especially as regards work and discipline.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 212.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Prisoners of war and interned civilians who are awaiting trial | |
| − | + | or undergoing sentence for offences other than those against | |
| − | + | discipline may be detained.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 213.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes to admit to its territory | |
| − | + | without distinction all persons liable to repatriation.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Prisoners of war or Turkish nationals who do not desire to be | |
| − | + | repatriated may be excluded from repatriation; but the Allied | |
| − | + | Governments reserve to themselves the right either to repatriate | |
| − | + | them or to take them to a neutral country or to allow them to | |
| − | + | reside in their own territories.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes not to institute any exceptional proceedings against these persons or their families nor | |
| − | + | to take any repressive or vexatious measures of any kind whatsoever against them on this account.<br><br | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 214.<br><br> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | The Allied Governments reserve the right to make the repatriation of Turkish prisoners of war or Turkish nationals in their | |
| − | + | hands conditional upon the immediate notification and release | |
| − | + | by the Turkish Government of any prisoners of war and other | |
| − | + | nationals of the Allied Powers who are still held in Turkey against | |
| − | + | their will.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 2I5.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government undertakes:<br><br> | |
| − | + | (I) To give every facility to Commissions entrusted by the | |
| − | + | Allied Powers with the search for the missing or the identification of Allied nationals who have expressed their desire to remain | |
| − | + | in Turkish territory; to furnish such Commissions with all | |
| − | + | necessary means of transport; to allow them access to camps, | |
| − | + | prisons, hospitals and all other places; and to place at their disposal all documents whether public or private which would | |
| − | + | facilitate their enquiries;<br><br> | |
| − | + | (2) To impose penalties upon any Turkish officials or private | |
| − | + | persons who have concealed the presence of any nationals of any | |
| − | + | of the Allied Powers, or who have neglected to reveal the presence | |
| − | + | of any such after it had come to their knowledge;<br><br> | |
| − | + | (3) To facilitate the establishing of criminal acts punishable | |
by the penalties referred to in Part VII (Penalties) of the present | by the penalties referred to in Part VII (Penalties) of the present | ||
Treaty and committed by Turks against the persons of prisoners | Treaty and committed by Turks against the persons of prisoners | ||
of war or Allied nationals during the war. | of war or Allied nationals during the war. | ||
<br><br> | <br><br> | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | ARTICLE 216.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Govermnent undertakes to restore without delay | |
from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty all | from the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty all | ||
articles, equipment, arms, money, securities, documents and | articles, equipment, arms, money, securities, documents and | ||
| Line 2,852: | Line 2,877: | ||
and which have been retained by the Turkish authorities.<br><br> | and which have been retained by the Turkish authorities.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 217.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The High Contracting Parties waive reciprocally all repayment | |
of sums due for the maintenance of prisoners of war in their | of sums due for the maintenance of prisoners of war in their | ||
respective territories.<br><br> | respective territories.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | SECTION II.<br><br> | |
| − | + | GRAVES.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 218.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The Turkish Government shall transfer to the British, French | |
and Italian Governments respectively full and exclusive rights | and Italian Governments respectively full and exclusive rights | ||
of ownership over the land within the boundaries of Turkey as | of ownership over the land within the boundaries of Turkey as | ||
| Line 2,871: | Line 2,896: | ||
or providing means of access to such cemeteries or memorials.<br><br> | or providing means of access to such cemeteries or memorials.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Greek Government undertakes to fulfil the same obligation | |
so far as concerns the portion of the zone of the Straits and the | so far as concerns the portion of the zone of the Straits and the | ||
islands placed under its sovereignty.<br><br> | islands placed under its sovereignty.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 219.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Within six months from the coming into force of the present | |
Treaty the British, French and Italian Governments will respectively notify to the Turkish Government and the Greek Government the land of which the ownership is to be transferred to | Treaty the British, French and Italian Governments will respectively notify to the Turkish Government and the Greek Government the land of which the ownership is to be transferred to | ||
them in accordance with Article 218. The British, French and | them in accordance with Article 218. The British, French and | ||
Italian Governments will each have the right to appoint a Commission, which shall be exclusively entitled to examine the areas | Italian Governments will each have the right to appoint a Commission, which shall be exclusively entitled to examine the areas | ||
| − | + | where burials have or may have taken place, and to make suggestions with regard to the re-grouping of graves and the sites | |
| − | + | where cemeteries are eventually to be established. The Turkish | |
| − | + | Government and the Greek Government may be represented on | |
| − | + | these Commissions, and shall give them all assistance in carrying | |
| − | + | out their mission.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | The said land will include in particular the land in the Gallipoli | |
| − | + | Peninsula shown on map No. 3 [see Introduction]; the limits of this | |
| − | + | land will be notified to the Greek Government as provided in the | |
| − | + | preceding paragraph. The Government in whose favour the transfer is made undertakes not to employ the land, nor to allow it to | |
| − | + | be employed, for any purpose other than that to which it is dedicated. The shore may not be employed for any military, marine | |
| − | + | or commercial purpose.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 220.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Any necessary legislative or administrative measures for the | |
| − | + | transfer to the British, French and Italian Governments respectively of full and exclusive rights of ownership over the land | |
| − | + | notified in accordance with Article 219 shall be taken by the | |
| − | + | Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively | |
| − | + | within six months from the date of such notification. If any | |
| − | + | compulsory acquisition of the land is necessary it will be effected | |
| − | + | by, and at the cost of, the Turkish Government or the Greek | |
| − | + | Government, as the case may be.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 221.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The British, French and Italian Governments may respectively entrust f gendarmerie, Greek and | |
Turkish, will be under the I | Turkish, will be under the I | ||
| − | + | deem fit the establishment, arrangement, maintenance and care | |
| − | + | of the cemeteries, memorials and graves situated in the land | |
| − | + | referred to in Article 218.<br><br> | |
| − | + | These Commissions or organisations shall be officially recognised by the Turkish Government and the Greek Government | |
| − | + | respectively. They shall have the right to undertake any exhumations or removal of bodies which they may consider necessary in order to concentrate the graves and establish cemeteries; | |
| − | + | the remains of soldiers or sailors may not be exhumed, on any | |
| − | + | pretext whatever, without the authority of the Commission or | |
| − | + | organisation of the Government concerned.<br><br> | |
| − | + | ARTICLE 222.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The land referred to in this Section shall not be subjected by | |
Turkey or the Turkish authorities, or by Greece or the Greek | Turkey or the Turkish authorities, or by Greece or the Greek | ||
authorities, as the case may be, to any form of taxation. Representatives of the British, French or Italian Governments, as | authorities, as the case may be, to any form of taxation. Representatives of the British, French or Italian Governments, as | ||
| Line 2,930: | Line 2,955: | ||
said land.<br><br> | said land.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | The Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively undertake to afford to the British, French and Italian | |
Governments all necessary facilities for obtaining a sufficient | Governments all necessary facilities for obtaining a sufficient | ||
water supply for the requirements of the staff engaged in the | water supply for the requirements of the staff engaged in the | ||
| Line 2,936: | Line 2,961: | ||
and for the irrigation of the land.<br><br> | and for the irrigation of the land.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 223.<br><br> | |
| − | + | The provisions of this Section do not affect the Turkish or | |
Greek sovereignty, as the case may be, over the land transferred. | Greek sovereignty, as the case may be, over the land transferred. | ||
The Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively shall take all the necessary measures to ensure the punishment of persons subject to their jurisdiction who may be guilty | The Turkish Government and the Greek Government respectively shall take all the necessary measures to ensure the punishment of persons subject to their jurisdiction who may be guilty | ||
| Line 2,944: | Line 2,969: | ||
graves.<br><br> | graves.<br><br> | ||
| − | + | ARTICLE 224.<br><br> | |
| − | + | Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Section, the | |
Allied Governments and the | |||